CAJ | 학술논문

采用群落生态学方法，在长沙市望城区一持续30 a的长期定位试验基地调查9种施肥方式对早稻田间杂草生物多样性的影响。结果表明：早稻田共发现杂草10种。不同施肥处理小区中杂草种类以施N、P、K肥和稻草处理最少，只施N、K化肥处理最高（8种）；以稗（Echinochloa crusgalli）、鸭舌草（Monochoria vaginalis）、矮慈姑（Sagittaria pygmaea）和双穗雀稗（Paspalum distichum）4种杂草发生密度较大，它们分别在不同施肥处理中占据优势。N、P、K肥平衡施用和有机无机肥配施处理，促进了早稻的生长，水稻植株繁茂，光照透过率低，早稻良好的长势限制了稻田杂草对土壤水、肥及光照的利用，进而抑制杂草的生长，显著降低田间杂草的总密度，使其发生危害程度得到有效抑制。
채용군락생태학방법，재장사시망성구일지속30 a적장기정위시험기지조사9충시비방식대조도전간잡초생물다양성적영향。결과표명：조도전공발현잡초10충。불동시비처리소구중잡초충류이시N、P、K비화도초처리최소，지시N、K화비처리최고（8충）；이패（Echinochloa crusgalli）、압설초（Monochoria vaginalis）、왜자고（Sagittaria pygmaea）화쌍수작패（Paspalum distichum）4충잡초발생밀도교대，타문분별재불동시비처리중점거우세。N、P、K비평형시용화유궤무궤비배시처리，촉진료조도적생장，수도식주번무，광조투과솔저，조도량호적장세한제료도전잡초대토양수、비급광조적이용，진이억제잡초적생장，현저강저전간잡초적총밀도，사기발생위해정도득도유효억제。
The effects of nine different fertilization methods on biodiversity of weeds in early rice field were investigated by synecology method in a base in Wangcheng County of Changsha City where conducting long-term fixed experiment for 30 a constantly. The results showed that total 10 weed species was found in early rice field; among different fertilization treatments, the treatments applied with nitrogen fertilizer (N), phosphorus fertilizer (P), potassium fertilizer (K) and straw had the least weed species, and the treatments applized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had the most weed species (eight species); Echinochloa crusgalli, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. and Paspalum distichum had relatively high density, and they had dominat positionin in different treatments;balanced application of N, P and K and combined applicaiton of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer all can significantly change the compositions of weed community in early rice field, and reduce the dominant position of dominanted weeds in community, thus inhibiting the damage degree of the weeds.