CAJ | 학술논문

基于US NAS健康风险评价理论,构建包括危害鉴别、剂量效应评价、暴露评价和风险表征4部分内容的突发性水污染事故应急健康风险评价技术体系.该技术体系充分考虑突发性水污染事故污染物对于人体健康“短时间、高剂量”的暴露特点,提出了突发性水污染事故污染物应急参考浓度的计算方法,以健康危害商值定性描述突发性水污染事故的健康风险,并通过统计推断健康危害商值的概率分布定量描述突发性水污染事故的健康风险,并实现风险分级.以松花江硝基苯水污染事故为例,对突发性水污染事故应急风险评价技术进行验证,计算获取的以保护成人和儿童的应急参考浓度分别为0.175,0.05mg/L,污染事故的健康风险值分别为29%和62%,分别隶属于中级和高级风险水平.实例表明应急健康风险评价技术体系能够有效表征突发性水污染事故的健康风险,在一定程度上可以为突发性水污染事故的应急管理提供依据.
기우US NAS건강풍험평개이론,구건포괄위해감별、제량효응평개、폭로평개화풍험표정4부분내용적돌발성수오염사고응급건강풍험평개기술체계.해기술체계충분고필돌발성수오염사고오염물대우인체건강“단시간、고제량”적폭로특점,제출료돌발성수오염사고오염물응급삼고농도적계산방법,이건강위해상치정성묘술돌발성수오염사고적건강풍험,병통과통계추단건강위해상치적개솔분포정량묘술돌발성수오염사고적건강풍험,병실현풍험분급.이송화강초기분수오염사고위례,대돌발성수오염사고응급풍험평개기술진행험증,계산획취적이보호성인화인동적응급삼고농도분별위0.175,0.05mg/L,오염사고적건강풍험치분별위29%화62%,분별대속우중급화고급풍험수평.실례표명응급건강풍험평개기술체계능구유효표정돌발성수오염사고적건강풍험,재일정정도상가이위돌발성수오염사고적응급관리제공의거.
Based on the health risk assessment theory of US NAS (U.S. National Research Council of National Academy of Science)’, a four-step of methodological framework of emergency health risk assessment of water pollution accidents that includes hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment and risk characterization was developed. Considering the characteristics of short term, high dose exposure of the sudden water pollution accidents, the method specified for acute reference concentration was proposed, as well as quotient method and probability distribution of quotients were recommended for risk characterization and classification. The Songhua River nitrobenzene water pollution accident was used as an example for verifying the feasibility of the framework of emergency health risk assessment of sudden water pollution accident. Acute reference concentration of nitrobenzene to protect the health of adults and children was calculated by using present method and the value was 0.175and 0.05mg/L, respectively. Risk percentage of the nitrobenzene water accident was 29%and 62%, and the risk grade was middle and high, respectively. The results showed that acute health risk of water pollution accident can be characterized by this emergency health risk assessment. Finally, the difficulties in China carrying out emergency health risk assessment of water accident were discussed, and some suggestions were given.