CAJ | 학술논문

为了更好地了解贵州省毕节地区生态系统类型的构成、格局与转化特征,本文基于面向对象分类和空间统计与分析技术,对毕节地区2000年和2010年生态系统类型进行提取,并对生态系统构成、格局和转化特征进行定量分析。结果表明：从生态系统构成和格局看,2010年研究区生态系统类型以林地和耕地为主,分别占研究区面积的42.65%和42.51%；2000 和2010年该区均具有较高的斑块数和较小的平均斑块面积,说明该地区景观破碎化程度较高；2010年斑块总数较2000有所减少,表明研究区景观连通性得到改善,景观整体趋于规整化；2010年旱地斑块总面积和平均斑块面积有所减少,针叶林、草地则增加,显示该地区退耕还林还草项目的实施有所成效；旱地和针叶林的聚集度都增加,表明二者连通性增强、景观更加集中。从生态系统转化特征看,2000-2010年,研究区生态系统类型间转化总面积为1298.25 km2,面积明显减少的是旱地和水田,明显增加的主要为林地、草地,土地面积转移矩阵显示旱地主要向林地、草地转化；受旱地面积较大影响,毕节、黔西、大方的面积变化和生态系统转化剧烈程度都较大,8个县(市)的生态系统类型相互转化强度值均为正值,可见生态系统覆被类型均向着较好的方向发展。
위료경호지료해귀주성필절지구생태계통류형적구성、격국여전화특정,본문기우면향대상분류화공간통계여분석기술,대필절지구2000년화2010년생태계통류형진행제취,병대생태계통구성、격국화전화특정진행정량분석。결과표명：종생태계통구성화격국간,2010년연구구생태계통류형이임지화경지위주,분별점연구구면적적42.65%화42.51%；2000 화2010년해구균구유교고적반괴수화교소적평균반괴면적,설명해지구경관파쇄화정도교고；2010년반괴총수교2000유소감소,표명연구구경관련통성득도개선,경관정체추우규정화；2010년한지반괴총면적화평균반괴면적유소감소,침협림、초지칙증가,현시해지구퇴경환림환초항목적실시유소성효；한지화침협림적취집도도증가,표명이자련통성증강、경관경가집중。종생태계통전화특정간,2000-2010년,연구구생태계통류형간전화총면적위1298.25 km2,면적명현감소적시한지화수전,명현증가적주요위임지、초지,토지면적전이구진현시한지주요향임지、초지전화；수한지면적교대영향,필절、검서、대방적면적변화화생태계통전화극렬정도도교대,8개현(시)적생태계통류형상호전화강도치균위정치,가견생태계통복피류형균향착교호적방향발전。
Bijie City,Guizhou Province is located in slope zone between the eastern Yunnan plateau and Qianzhong tableland and hills,which is a typical karst area.Bijie region consists of Dafang,Qianxi,Jinsha, Zhijin,Nayong,Hezhang and Weining counties and Bijie City.It has a fragile ecological environment.In or-der to better understand Bijie ecosystem composition,structure and change characteristics,in this paper, based on obj ect-oriented classification and spatial statistics and analysis technology,the ecological system of Bijie prefecture in 2000 and 2010 was extracted from Landsat TM image,and the ecosystem composition, structure and characteristics were analyzed quantitatively.The results showed that:from the view of the e-cosystem composition and structure,the study area in 2010 was mainly composed of forest land and farmland ecosystem types,accounting for 42.65 % and 42.65 % respectively;in 2000 and 2010,the region had a higher number of patches and the smaller average patches area,indicating a higher degree of landscape frag-mentation in the region.Number of patches in 2010 was less than that in 2000,indicating that the study area landscape connectivity was improved totally,the whole landscape tended to be neat.The dry land patches and the average plaque area decreased in 2010,while the coniferous forest and grassland increased,showing that the Grain for Green proj ect worked;The dry land and coniferous forest concentration increased,which indicated that connectivity was enhanced and the landscape became more concentrated.Depending on the sta-tistics of conversion area of ecosystem during 2000 and 2010,the total conversion area of all ecosystem types in the study area was 1 298.25 km2 ,the upland and paddy field area decreased significantly,the woodland and grassland increased obviously,the land transfer matrix displayed that dryland mainly became forestland or grassland.Due to larger drought area,the area in Bij ie,Qianxi,Dafang changed greatly and the ecological transformation intensiy are high,the ecological system type transformation intensity values of eight adminis-trative area were positive,showing that the ecosystem cover types tended to be improving.