CAJ | 학술논문

城市路面径流是城市地表径流的重要组成部分，因其污染强度大、对地表水体的影响严重而被予以格外的关注。通过对国内外关于路面径流水质的研究进行总结发现：我国城市道路径流中COD、TP、TN和Pb的平均质量浓度分别为239.59、0.46、6.29和0.14 mg·L-1，超过了国家地表水环境质量Ⅴ类标准，TSS的质量浓度高达552.86 mg·L-1。因此，COD、TP、TN、Pb和TSS是我国路面径流的主要污染物。高速路径流污染物Pb、Cu和Zn的浓度明显高于普通道路，而普通道路径流污染物中COD和TSS要高于高速路。与其他国家相比，我国城市道路雨水径流污染物浓度偏高。多数研究表明：污染物的质量浓度与降雨量呈负相关关系，路面坡度增加了车辆与路面的摩擦力和燃料的消耗，进而导致路面径流污染物的浓度较高，路面清扫或许对污染物的浓度有不利的影响，主要由于道路清扫将路面中部分大颗粒破碎，释放出了细小的颗粒物（粒径<43μm）并且不能将其清除的缘故。但是，降雨强度、干期、降雨历时和车流量对径流水质的影响存在一定的争议。通过对现有的研究总结发现：车流量≥30000的路面径流中COD、TSS、Pb和Cu的浓度是车流量<30000的路面径流中的2.5、4.3、1.4和5.1倍；路面径流中的重金属主要来源于车辆的交通损耗，有机污染物来源于车辆的交通活动和路面材质，营养污染物来源于大气干湿沉降。今后应从以下几方面开展研究：将多环芳烃、大肠杆菌等水质指标列入研究计划；深入分析影响降雨径流水质的因素及各影响因子间的交互作用；运用同位素溯源技术识别道路径流污染物来源。
성시로면경류시성시지표경류적중요조성부분，인기오염강도대、대지표수체적영향엄중이피여이격외적관주。통과대국내외관우로면경류수질적연구진행총결발현：아국성시도로경류중COD、TP、TN화Pb적평균질량농도분별위239.59、0.46、6.29화0.14 mg·L-1，초과료국가지표수배경질량Ⅴ류표준，TSS적질량농도고체552.86 mg·L-1。인차，COD、TP、TN、Pb화TSS시아국로면경류적주요오염물。고속로경류오염물Pb、Cu화Zn적농도명현고우보통도로，이보통도로경류오염물중COD화TSS요고우고속로。여기타국가상비，아국성시도로우수경류오염물농도편고。다수연구표명：오염물적질량농도여강우량정부상관관계，로면파도증가료차량여로면적마찰력화연료적소모，진이도치로면경류오염물적농도교고，로면청소혹허대오염물적농도유불리적영향，주요유우도로청소장로면중부분대과립파쇄，석방출료세소적과립물（립경<43μm）병차불능장기청제적연고。단시，강우강도、간기、강우력시화차류량대경류수질적영향존재일정적쟁의。통과대현유적연구총결발현：차류량≥30000적로면경류중COD、TSS、Pb화Cu적농도시차류량<30000적로면경류중적2.5、4.3、1.4화5.1배；로면경류중적중금속주요래원우차량적교통손모，유궤오염물래원우차량적교통활동화로면재질，영양오염물래원우대기간습침강。금후응종이하궤방면개전연구：장다배방경、대장간균등수질지표렬입연구계화；심입분석영향강우경류수질적인소급각영향인자간적교호작용；운용동위소소원기술식별도로경류오염물래원。
As a major part of urban surface runoff, urban road runoff has drawn extraordinary attention due to its large magnitude of pollution and severe influence on surface water bodies. By summarizing the results of previous studies on water quality of road rainfall runoff, it can be found that the concentration of COD, TP, TN and Pb were 239.59, 0.46, 6.29 and 0.14 mg·L-1, respectively, and exceeded the Ⅴ class of surface water. The concentration of TSS was 552.86 mg·L-1. Therefore, the COD, TP, TN, Pb and TSS were the main pollutants of urban road runoff. The concentration of Pb, Cu and Zn are higher in the highway than the other road. But, the concentration of TSS and COD are lower in the highway than the other road. When Comparing domestic studies with the other countries’, the pollutants concentration of road rainfall runoff are higher in China. The most researchers found that the concentration of pollutants and rainfall volume have negative correlation. The steeper slope of the road could produce higher runoff concentrations of pollutants due to the greater friction between vehicle tire and road and more burnt fuel. The road sweeping could have adversely affected to the concentration of pollutants mainly due to releasing the fine material from the fixed load but not having enough suction to remove them. However, there are contradicting reports in the literature as to the correlation of the concentration of pollutants with rainfall intensity, antecedent dry period, rainfall duration and average daily traffic. By summarizing the data in existing studies, it is found that the concentration of COD, TSS, Pb and Cu in road runoff at the traffic volume ≥30 000 were 2.5, 4.3, 1.4 and 5.1 times respectively, compared with the concentration at the traffic volume<30 000. In the road runoff, the heavy metals were mainly come from vehicle’s exhaust, the organic pollutants mainly sourced from vehicles activities and road material and the nutrition-related pollutants mainly sourced from atmospheric dry and wet deposition. The following aspects should be carried out in future research:To take the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and Escherichia coli into the research program;Deep analysis of the factors affecting rainfall runoff water quality and the interaction between factors, and to utilize the isotope tracing techniques to indentify the pollution source of the urban road runoff.