CAJ | 학술논문

盾构%掘进机%TBM%水下盾构隧道%城市地铁盾构隧道%山岭隧道%护盾式TBM%土压平衡盾构%开敞式网格盾构%压缩混凝土衬砌%风井始发盾构%导洞扩挖盾構%掘進機%TBM%水下盾構隧道%城市地鐵盾構隧道%山嶺隧道%護盾式TBM%土壓平衡盾構%開敞式網格盾構%壓縮混凝土襯砌%風井始髮盾構%導洞擴挖
순구%굴진궤%TBM%수하순구수도%성시지철순구수도%산령수도%호순식TBM%토압평형순구%개창식망격순구%압축혼응토츤체%풍정시발순구%도동확알
TBM/shield%under-water shield-bored tunnel%shield-bored urban Metro tunnel%mountain-crossing tun-nel%shield TBM%EPB shield%open shield%extruded concrete lining%shield launching from ventilation shaft%“pilot bore +enlarging by drill and blast”

简要分析我国盾构、掘进机隧道修建技术的现状，包括水下盾构隧道、地铁盾构、TBM隧道和山岭TBM隧道的技术现状。通过列举典型工程案例，分析总结我国盾构、掘进机隧道技术存在的问题：1）水底公路隧道盾构直径过大，2）单层管片衬砌的耐久性不足，3）护盾式TBM有很多局限性，4）土压平衡盾构不是万能的，5）隧道线路标高选择不合理，6）工程建设中存在4大不合理。针对这些问题提出解决建议：1）一般情况下，水底公路隧道盾构直径不宜超过12 m；2）增设二次模筑混凝土衬砌，形成复合衬砌结构；3）取消护盾式TBM，提倡采用开敞式TBM；4）盾构选型时，应同时考虑比选泥水盾构、土压盾构和开敞式无刀盘盾构；5）避开在岩层交界面上选线；6）工程建设一定要坚持科学发展观。为盾构、掘进机隧道的设计和施工提出新思路，包括：1）无刀盘的开敞式网格盾构，2）压缩混凝土衬砌，3）TBM导洞超前再钻爆法扩挖，4）风井始发盾构。最后，指出大直径盾构不是发展方向，长距离掘进（＞2 km）时，深埋盾构施工才是发展方向；并提出琼州海峡隧道采用盾构法施工（深埋优于浅埋），渤海湾海峡海底隧道采用直径为10 m的TBM＋钻爆法施工，台湾海峡隧道采用深埋方案开敞式TBM＋钻爆法施工的想法。
간요분석아국순구、굴진궤수도수건기술적현상，포괄수하순구수도、지철순구、TBM수도화산령TBM수도적기술현상。통과열거전형공정안례，분석총결아국순구、굴진궤수도기술존재적문제：1）수저공로수도순구직경과대，2）단층관편츤체적내구성불족，3）호순식TBM유흔다국한성，4）토압평형순구불시만능적，5）수도선로표고선택불합리，6）공정건설중존재4대불합리。침대저사문제제출해결건의：1）일반정황하，수저공로수도순구직경불의초과12 m；2）증설이차모축혼응토츤체，형성복합츤체결구；3）취소호순식TBM，제창채용개창식TBM；4）순구선형시，응동시고필비선니수순구、토압순구화개창식무도반순구；5）피개재암층교계면상선선；6）공정건설일정요견지과학발전관。위순구、굴진궤수도적설계화시공제출신사로，포괄：1）무도반적개창식망격순구，2）압축혼응토츤체，3）TBM도동초전재찬폭법확알，4）풍정시발순구。최후，지출대직경순구불시발전방향，장거리굴진（＞2 km）시，심매순구시공재시발전방향；병제출경주해협수도채용순구법시공（심매우우천매），발해만해협해저수도채용직경위10 m적TBM＋찬폭법시공，태만해협수도채용심매방안개창식TBM＋찬폭법시공적상법。
The state-of-art of tunneling by TBM/shield in China,including under-water tunneling by shield,Metro tun-neling by shield and mountain-crossing tunneling by TBM,is analyzed briefly.The problems in the tunneling by TBM/shield in China are analyzed on basis of typical case histories:1 )The diameter of the shields for underwater highway tunnels is too large;2)The durability of the single segment lining shell is inadequate;3)Shield TBMhas many limita-tions;4)EPB shield is not applicable for all cases;5)The elevation of the route of some tunnels is irrational;6)Some projects suffer from irrational construction schedule,irrational construction cost,irrational construction contract and irra-tional construction scheme.Regarding the afore-mentioned problems,the following proposals are made:1 )In general cases,the diameter of the shields for under-water highway tunnels should not be more than 12 m;2)Cast-in-situ sec-ondary lining should be added to form composite lining structure;3)Shield TBMshould be cancelled,while open TBM should be promoted;4)Slurry shield,EPB shield and open shield should be considered in shield type selection;5 ) The tunneling route should not be placed along the interface between different strata;6)The concept of scientific devel-opment must be held in project construction.The following new solutions are proposed for tunneling by TBM/shield in China:1 )Open grid shields should be applied;2 )Extruded concrete lining should be applied;3 )The method of“TBM bore +enlarging by drill and blast”should be applied;4)Shield can be launched from ventilation shaft in con-gested area.Finally it is stated that:1 )Large diameter shield is not the development trend;In the case of long-distance boring (longer than 2 km),deep shield tunneling is the development trend;2 )Shield tunneling method should be a-dopted for Qiongzhou strait crossing tunnel (the deep shield tunneling proposal is better than the shallow shield tunneling proposal);3)The proposal of“10 mm TBM+drill and blast”method should be adopted for Bohai strait crossing tun-nel;4)Deep tunneling proposal consisting of“TBM bore +enlarging by drill and blast”should be adopted for Taiwan strait crossing tunnel.