CAJ | 학술논문

由于必然模态词,的引入,谓词模态逻辑的公式在一个可能世界中的真假值可能依赖于其可达的可能世界。在谓词模态逻辑中存在个体跨可能世界相等问题。针对这一问题,Lewis 提出了对应物理论,并且在对应物理论中用对应物关系来表示个体跨可能世界相等。但是,当一个对象具有一个以上的对应物时,谓词模态逻辑中的跨可能世界相等关系无法与对应物关系建立一一对应。通过限制谓词模态逻辑中全称量词?的范围,给出了一种公式分层的谓词模态逻辑。它是谓词模态逻辑的一个子逻辑,并且其语言与谓词模态逻辑的语言是相同的。但其公式是分层定义的,使得?可以出现在,的范围内,并且,不能出现在?的范围内。由于任意形如?x,φ(x)的表达式都不是该逻辑的公式,以量词开头的公式在一个可能世界w中的真假值只依赖于w,该逻辑避免了个体跨可能世界相等问题。给出了该逻辑的语言、语法和语义,并证明了该逻辑是可靠的和完备的。
유우필연모태사,적인입,위사모태라집적공식재일개가능세계중적진가치가능의뢰우기가체적가능세계。재위사모태라집중존재개체과가능세계상등문제。침대저일문제,Lewis 제출료대응물이론,병차재대응물이론중용대응물관계래표시개체과가능세계상등。단시,당일개대상구유일개이상적대응물시,위사모태라집중적과가능세계상등관계무법여대응물관계건립일일대응。통과한제위사모태라집중전칭량사?적범위,급출료일충공식분층적위사모태라집。타시위사모태라집적일개자라집,병차기어언여위사모태라집적어언시상동적。단기공식시분층정의적,사득?가이출현재,적범위내,병차,불능출현재?적범위내。유우임의형여?x,φ(x)적표체식도불시해라집적공식,이량사개두적공식재일개가능세계w중적진가치지의뢰우w,해라집피면료개체과가능세계상등문제。급출료해라집적어언、어법화어의,병증명료해라집시가고적화완비적。
As an introduction to the necessary modality ,, the truth values of formulas of the predicate modal logic in a possible world may rely on its alternative worlds. So there is a problem of the transworld identity of individuals in the predicate modal logic. According to this problem, Lewis proposed the counterpart theory and used the counterpart relation to represent the transworld identity of individuals in the counterpart theory. When an object has more than one counterpart, the transworld identity cannot have a one-to-one correspondence with the counterpart relation. By limiting the scope of the universal quantifier?in the predicate modal logic, this paper gives a formula-layered predicate modal logic, which is a sublogic of the predicate modal logic, and which language is the same as that of the predicate modal logic. But the definition of its formulas is decomposed into layers such that?may occur in the scope of ,, and , cannot occur in the scope of ?. Since any expression in the form of ?x,φ(x) is not a formula of this logic, the truth value of any formula which begins with a quantifier in a possible world w only relies on w, and this logic avoids the problem of the transworld identity of individuals. This paper gives the language, the syntax and the semantics of this logic, and proves that this logic is sound and complete.