CAJ | 학술논문

采用田间小区试验，结合DGGE-cloning测序技术，研究了潮土中施用生物炭对土壤细菌多样性的影响。结果表明：施用生物炭的处理C2（15 t·hm-2生物炭+225 kg·hm-2氮肥）、C3（25 t·hm-2生物炭+225 kg·hm-2氮肥）、C4（30 t·hm-2生物炭+225 kg·hm-2氮肥）土壤16S rDNA DGGE指纹图谱条带数较对照CK1（不施生物炭不施氮肥）和CK2（不施生物炭施225 kg·hm-2氮肥）增多4~5条， Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数却分别下降11.5%~13.0%和14.1%~16.5%；不施用生物炭处理的土壤细菌群落相似度高，且与施用生物炭的土壤存在差异，其中C4处理的土壤细菌群落与其他处理差别最大；选取DGGE指纹图谱中有代表性的13个条带进行测序结果显示，C3、C4处理中增加的条带p、择、r等代表的均为未分类的细菌，条带e和g为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）。可见，生物炭施用虽然促进新的细菌生长，但同时也抑制了原有某些细菌的生长，改变了土壤细菌群落组分，最终导致土壤细菌多样性和均匀度下降。
채용전간소구시험，결합DGGE-cloning측서기술，연구료조토중시용생물탄대토양세균다양성적영향。결과표명：시용생물탄적처리C2（15 t·hm-2생물탄+225 kg·hm-2담비）、C3（25 t·hm-2생물탄+225 kg·hm-2담비）、C4（30 t·hm-2생물탄+225 kg·hm-2담비）토양16S rDNA DGGE지문도보조대수교대조CK1（불시생물탄불시담비）화CK2（불시생물탄시225 kg·hm-2담비）증다4~5조， Shannon-Wiener다양성지수화Pielou균균도지수각분별하강11.5%~13.0%화14.1%~16.5%；불시용생물탄처리적토양세균군락상사도고，차여시용생물탄적토양존재차이，기중C4처리적토양세균군락여기타처리차별최대；선취DGGE지문도보중유대표성적13개조대진행측서결과현시，C3、C4처리중증가적조대p、택、r등대표적균위미분류적세균，조대e화g위변형균문（Proteobacteria）。가견，생물탄시용수연촉진신적세균생장，단동시야억제료원유모사세균적생장，개변료토양세균군락조분，최종도치토양세균다양성화균균도하강。
As a by-product of biomass pyrolysis, biochar has been deployed to alleviate anthropogenically triggered increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. It is generally accepted that biochar-C is largely unavailable to soil microbes but can change soil physicochemical properties. Applying biochar with metabolically available labile-C compounds may shift soil microbial community structure. In the present research, a field experiment was designed to investigate temporal changes in bacterial diversity after biochar additions in fluvor-aquic soil in North China. Six treatments with four replicates were used:CK1(no biochar or urea-N);CK2(no biochar+225 kg urea-N·hm-2);C1(7.5 t· hm-2 biochar+225 kg urea-N·hm-2);C2(15 t·hm-2 biochar+225 kg urea-N·hm-2);C3(25 t·hm-2 biochar+225 kg urea-N·hm-2);C4(30 t· hm-2 biochar+225 kg urea-N·hm-2). The biochar used in the experiment was pyrolytic peanut shell processed at 300℃. The experimental treatments were randomly assigned. Bacterial diversity was measured using DGGE-cloning sequencing method. Compared with controls (CK1, CK2), biochar treatments increased DGGE fingerprints by 4 or 5 bands, but decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou even-ness index by 11.5%~13.0%, 14.1%~16.5%, respectively. Cluster analysis indicated that DGGE fingerprints shared at least 60%similarity among all treatments. Additions of biochar reduced the similarity of bacterial community composition. Sequencing 13 bands selected from DGGE gel according to their peculiarity showed that new bands p, q and r were found but the bands e and g representing Proteobacteria dis-appeared in the treatment C3 and C4. The present results indicate that biochar promotes the growth of new bacteria but inhibit some known bacteria, thus changing the bacterial community composition and decreasing the diversity and evenness index of soil bacterial community.