CAJ | 학술논문

选择野外镉（Cd）污染农田，以小麦（第一季）、水稻（第二季）为模式作物，以蒙脱土、钙镁磷肥、磷矿石、重钙、普钙为钝化修复材料（施加浓度为1.3 kg·m-2），并配施石灰（0.52 kg·m-2），研究其对小麦、水稻产量及籽粒中Cd含量、土壤pH以及土壤中Cd形态分布的影响，考察不同钝化剂对农田土壤Cd污染的原位钝化修复效果。结果表明：施用不同钝化剂后均显著抑制小麦和水稻籽粒对Cd的吸收，而配施石灰能更进一步抑制小麦和水稻对Cd的吸收。第一季，钙镁磷肥和蒙脱石配施石灰的抑制效果最好，钙镁磷肥配施石灰和蒙脱土配施石灰降幅分别达到78.7%和72.8%；第二季，钙镁磷肥和重钙配施石灰的抑制效果最好，钙镁磷肥配施石灰和重钙配施石灰降幅分别达到82.83%和67.43%。研究发现钝化剂显著降低土壤酸溶态Cd含量，而小麦和水稻籽粒中Cd含量与土壤pH呈极显著负相关关系，相关系数分别为-0.817和-0.718；与土壤酸溶态Cd呈显著正相关关系，相关系数分别为0.769和0.613；同时发现施用钝化剂后小麦、水稻的产量均有显著提高，增幅最大的为可溶性磷肥重钙和钙镁磷肥，原因可能是施入的改良剂减缓了Cd毒性，同时提供了作物生长所需的钙、镁、磷等必需营养元素。根据田间试验效果，钙镁磷肥配施石灰对降低小麦和水稻中Cd含量的效果最显著，可推荐作为Cd污染土壤的改良剂。旱作条件下，蒙脱石配施石灰也是Cd污染农田改良剂的较好选择，而稻作条件下则不宜使用。
선택야외력（Cd）오염농전，이소맥（제일계）、수도（제이계）위모식작물，이몽탈토、개미린비、린광석、중개、보개위둔화수복재료（시가농도위1.3 kg·m-2），병배시석회（0.52 kg·m-2），연구기대소맥、수도산량급자립중Cd함량、토양pH이급토양중Cd형태분포적영향，고찰불동둔화제대농전토양Cd오염적원위둔화수복효과。결과표명：시용불동둔화제후균현저억제소맥화수도자립대Cd적흡수，이배시석회능경진일보억제소맥화수도대Cd적흡수。제일계，개미린비화몽탈석배시석회적억제효과최호，개미린비배시석회화몽탈토배시석회강폭분별체도78.7%화72.8%；제이계，개미린비화중개배시석회적억제효과최호，개미린비배시석회화중개배시석회강폭분별체도82.83%화67.43%。연구발현둔화제현저강저토양산용태Cd함량，이소맥화수도자립중Cd함량여토양pH정겁현저부상관관계，상관계수분별위-0.817화-0.718；여토양산용태Cd정현저정상관관계，상관계수분별위0.769화0.613；동시발현시용둔화제후소맥、수도적산량균유현저제고，증폭최대적위가용성린비중개화개미린비，원인가능시시입적개량제감완료Cd독성，동시제공료작물생장소수적개、미、린등필수영양원소。근거전간시험효과，개미린비배시석회대강저소맥화수도중Cd함량적효과최현저，가추천작위Cd오염토양적개량제。한작조건하，몽탈석배시석회야시Cd오염농전개량제적교호선택，이도작조건하칙불의사용。
In-situ immobilization of heavy metal contaminated soils is a cost-effective remediation technique. However, stabilizing agents are critical to this technique. Here five amendments, including calcium-based montmorillonite(MT), fused calcium-magnesium phosphate (CMP), phosphorus rock(PR), superphosphate(SP), and triple superphosphate(TSP), were chosen to remediate a Cd-contaminated farm-land soil. All amendments were applied at 1.3 kg·m-2 alone or in combination with 0.52 kg·m-2 lime. Two season crops(wheat and rice) were grown after amendment applications. Amendments significantly reduced the uptake of Cd in crop grains. CMP and MT with lime had the greatest Cd reduction in wheat(78.7%and 72.8%respectively), while CMP and TSP with lime were the best for Cd reduction in rice (82.83%and 67.43%, respectively). Most amendments greatly decreased dissolved fraction of Cd in soil, due to increased soil pH. Cadmi-um contents in grains showed a significant negative correlation with soil pH, but a significant positive correlation with soil acid-soluble Cd. Applications of amendments, especially dissolvable P fertilizers, significantly increased crop production, might due to reduced Cd toxicity and improved Ca, Mg and P nutrition. The results show that CMP with lime provides the best Cd immobilization for both wheat and rice. MT with lime would also be a good amendment for wheat under limited P fertilizers.