CAJ | 학술논문

为探明机栽（插）水稻钵苗单穴苗数对其分蘖成穗及产量的影响。该文以常规粳稻武运粳24号为材料，在不同单穴苗数条件下，研究了水稻的分蘖与成穗规律以及产量形成特征。结果表明：1）机插钵苗主茎第1～9蘖位及其同伸二级蘖位均有一定比例发生分蘖并成穗，受单穴苗数影响较大。该品种水稻钵盘每钵成苗1、2株有利于促发秧田期第1～2蘖位的低位分蘖，大田单穴相应插植1、2苗可提升第8蘖位高位分蘖及二级蘖位分蘖发生率，最终穗数主要为分蘖成穗，来源蘖位较广；单穴3、4苗可促进中部第6～7蘖位分蘖发生，分蘖穗主要来源于第5～7中位蘖和少量低位蘖及二级分蘖；单穴苗数增至每穴5、6苗，各蘖位分蘖发生率及成穗率显著降低，主要依靠主茎和中位蘖成穗。各处理中部蘖位分蘖具有较高成穗率，是分蘖穗及总穗数的主要来源。2）产量表现为单穴3、4苗较高，5、6苗次之，1、2苗较低。单穴苗数与有效穗数呈极显著正相关，与每穗粒数呈极显著负相关，二者是决定产量变化的重要构成因素。通过解析单穴苗数对产量的多元回归函数，并综合产量实际表现，认为常规粳稻品种（偏大穗型）以育秧田每钵成苗3～4株、大田单穴插植3～4苗为宜。该文揭示了钵苗机栽（插）水稻分蘖成穗规律，并为大面积生产中钵苗育秧适宜用种量和插植苗数提供技术依据。
위탐명궤재（삽）수도발묘단혈묘수대기분얼성수급산량적영향。해문이상규갱도무운갱24호위재료，재불동단혈묘수조건하，연구료수도적분얼여성수규률이급산량형성특정。결과표명：1）궤삽발묘주경제1～9얼위급기동신이급얼위균유일정비례발생분얼병성수，수단혈묘수영향교대。해품충수도발반매발성묘1、2주유리우촉발앙전기제1～2얼위적저위분얼，대전단혈상응삽식1、2묘가제승제8얼위고위분얼급이급얼위분얼발생솔，최종수수주요위분얼성수，래원얼위교엄；단혈3、4묘가촉진중부제6～7얼위분얼발생，분얼수주요래원우제5～7중위얼화소량저위얼급이급분얼；단혈묘수증지매혈5、6묘，각얼위분얼발생솔급성수솔현저강저，주요의고주경화중위얼성수。각처리중부얼위분얼구유교고성수솔，시분얼수급총수수적주요래원。2）산량표현위단혈3、4묘교고，5、6묘차지，1、2묘교저。단혈묘수여유효수수정겁현저정상관，여매수립수정겁현저부상관，이자시결정산량변화적중요구성인소。통과해석단혈묘수대산량적다원회귀함수，병종합산량실제표현，인위상규갱도품충（편대수형）이육앙전매발성묘3～4주、대전단혈삽식3～4묘위의。해문게시료발묘궤재（삽）수도분얼성수규률，병위대면적생산중발묘육앙괄의용충량화삽식묘수제공기술의거。
The technology of rice potted-seedlings, which adopts a new type of transplanter, is one of the feasible approaches to explore the new models of rice planting mechanization in China. Plastic pots in the rice potted-seedling tray, which are independent of each other, are used to cultivate strong seedlings with a complete nutrition clod wrapped around their root systems. And then the seedlings are transplanted without injury in the field with a certain line of planting distance. In recent years, the research and extension have fully proved the production demonstration effect around China. In order to promote the combination and application of agricultural machinery with its supporting agronomy technology, this paper attempted to ascertain the rulers of tillers and the appropriate seedlings per hole for high-yield cultivation of rice potted-seedlings in mechanical transplanting. Wuyunjing24 was selected as the experimental material to investigate tillers emerging, panicles formation, and yield characteristics under different seedlings per hole. The results indicated: the tillers from the 1st to 9th tilling positions of the main stem and the simultaneous secondary tillers, which were greatly influenced by the seedlings per hole, had emerged and formed panicles in certain proportion. It was beneficial for the emerging of the low tillers from 1st and 2nd tilling positions when there were 1 or 2 strains of plants per plastic hole during the seedling period. Accordingly, the high tillers from the 8th tilling position and secondary tillers got a higher level of tilling rate during the field period. The number of final panicles was mainly from tillers with wide source parts in the maturation stage. The middle tillers from the 3rd and 4th tilling positions were promoted under the condition of 3 or 4 seedlings per hole, with the final panicles mainly from the 5th to 7th tilling positions while also a little bit low and the secondary tillers. When the seedlings per hole increased to 5 or 6 seedlings, the tilling rate and productive tiller percentage of each leaf significantly declined, with the final panicles mainly counting on the main stem and the middle tillers. The tillers from the middle positions showed a higher productive tiller percentage, and the tillers were the main source of the final panicles and the tiller panicles. The harvest yield of 5 or 6 seedlings per hole was lower than that from 3 or 4 seedlings per hole, but was higher than that from 1 or 2 seedlings per hole. There was a positive correlation between the population base and the effective panicles, and a negative correlation between seedlings per hole and grain per panicle; panicles and grain per panicle were the fundamental factors in deciding the yield. The suitable population base of the normal japonica rice, Wuyunjing24, with a large fringe, was 3-4 strains of plants per plastic hole, 3-4 seedlings per hole, through analysis of the multiple regression function of seedlings per hole on yield and consistent with the harvest yield. The experiment indicated the rules of tillers emergence and panicles formation for rice potted-seedling in mechanical transplanting, which provided a theoretical basis for the density of sowing and planting of the farm equipment in field production. According to the tilling characteristics of rice potted-seedlings, management measures of manure and water should be studied, for giving full play to the middle tillers of main stem. Appropriate seedlings per hole is the premise of high-yield cultivation, which particularly increases the grain yield, not only the panicle numbers, the grain numbers, setting percentage, and the gain weights but also for more harmonious yield factors.