CAJ | 학술논문

为解决平作花生联合收获易产生挖掘铲前壅土的问题，该文设计了一种动力圆盘挖掘装置，并对该挖掘装置中的动力圆盘进行了研究。通过设计和试验分析确定了该圆盘的结构和最优工作参数：圆盘直径为320 mm，动力轴间距370 mm，转速145 r/min；作业时，动力圆盘挖掘装置与地面前倾夹角为22°的角度入土，稳定后与地面夹角为5°的角度进行挖掘收获。通过对动力圆盘挖掘装置与普通固定式挖掘装置的挖掘收获效果进行对比试验，结果表明：该动力圆盘挖掘装置可减少机组前进阻力，在提高挖掘率、送秧率和降低挖掘铲前壅土方面具有较好的性能，更加适合平作花生的联合收获。
위해결평작화생연합수획역산생알굴산전옹토적문제，해문설계료일충동력원반알굴장치，병대해알굴장치중적동력원반진행료연구。통과설계화시험분석학정료해원반적결구화최우공작삼수：원반직경위320 mm，동력축간거370 mm，전속145 r/min；작업시，동력원반알굴장치여지면전경협각위22°적각도입토，은정후여지면협각위5°적각도진행알굴수획。통과대동력원반알굴장치여보통고정식알굴장치적알굴수획효과진행대비시험，결과표명：해동력원반알굴장치가감소궤조전진조력，재제고알굴솔、송앙솔화강저알굴산전옹토방면구유교호적성능，경가괄합평작화생적연합수획。
In order to solve the heaping problem in front of the digging device when harvesting flat peanuts, this paper has designed a new dynamic disk-digging device. This digging device works with the approach of turning the angle. It is mainly composed by a disk, flange plate, drive shaft, socket frame, fixed frame, bevel gear, main transmission shaft, chain wheel, and slewing bearing etc. Power reached the main shaft through the sprocket, then through a bevel gear that drives the disk shaft rotation, and the two disk shaft drives disc to the medial rotation respectively. <br> In mining operations, this digging device works with a angle that is 22o, when it works stably, by operating the push rod of the cab promote digging shovel with a angle of 5°. In the process of working, the rotating disk shovel goes forward by the machine’s thrusting. It can break the ground and through rotating cut off the peanut taproot and ground soil. Therefore, it can combine breaking and crushing to reduce the peanut combine’s forward resistance and solve the problem of heaping in front of the peanut combine. At the same time, the two rotation disk dynamic shovel is rotating to the medial round of the two disks, it can put the peanut seedling to the medial approach sets to grip delivery chain clamping the peanut seedling and to improve the working performance of the peanut combine. <br> Through comparison with the ordinary stationary digging shovel of the field test, selecting the rotating disk mining’s spade axial spacing was 370 mm, rotating speed was 145r/min, working with angle transformation. carving angle was 22o, and the working angle was 5°. The ordinary mining units works with a carving angle of 22o too. The test showed that: due to the fact that the rotating disk mining device can transform the peanut seeding through its rotating, especially for abnormal plants caused by the outside of the plant, this device has better performance to collect the plants. The rotating disk mining harvest units’ mining rate averaged 99.03%, but the ordinary mining device harvest units’ mining rate was 97.59% on average, and its mining rate was not stable. The rotating disk mining device conveyed seedling rate was 99.05% through the two disk dynamic spade rotation, but the ordinary mining device just by the unit pushing forward the rail clamping conveyor chain can clamp the peanut seedling. Therefore, its centralized transmission effect is poorer and makes it easy to miss plants. <br> In the end, compared with normal mining device, the following conclusions were reached: 1) The dynamic disk device relatively increased the mining rate by 1.44% compared with the common mining device, and in improving the seedling rate and reducing the heaping problem in front of the digging had good performance. Due to the operation of the rotating disk on seedlings, larger space peanuts can be rotated to the central, and the middle part of peanut plants. A relatively static mining device reduces the forward thrust, and can help the clamping chain to clamp the seedling. 2) In this paper, the dynamic disk mining device had an ideal work effect when the disc rotating speed was 145 r/min, the work Angle was 5°, and the unit speed wasⅡ block. 3) The rotating disk mining device was not obvious in decreasing the off fruit rate effect. Besides, its design and production are more complex compared with the ordinary mining equipment. Moreover, its adaptability and reliability need further verification in working with more complex soil, and peanut plant dynamics. A patent for invention of the device has been applied for.