CAJ | 학술논문

不同类型的农用无人直升机的结构不同，旋翼所产生气流到达作物冠层后形成的风场也有较大差异，对应的风速、风向和风场宽度等参数对花粉的运送效果直接影响到授粉的效果（母本结实率）、作业效率及经济效益。该文采用单轴单旋翼电动无人直升机，根据正交试验设计法设计了3因素（飞行高度、飞行速度和飞机及负载质量）3水平的正交试验，通过考察平行于飞行方向（X向）、垂直于飞行方向（Y向）、垂直地面（Z向）3个方向上的峰值风速（X、Y向越大越好，Z向越小越好）、Y向风场宽度（越宽越好）、动力电池的压降（放电越慢越好）3个指标，对单旋翼电动无人直升机用于水稻制种辅助授粉的田间作业参数进行优选，试验结果分析表明：SCAU-2型单轴单旋翼电动无人机在峰值风速＞1 m/s时对应的水稻冠层有效风场最宽可达8.1 m，最窄为4.9 m，该机型在所设计的试验条件下基本能满足传播花粉的需求；该机型在水稻冠层所形成风场的峰值风速主要受飞机的飞行速度、飞机及负载质量、飞行高度影响，且随着飞行速度的降低、飞机及负载质量的增加、飞行高度的降低，其峰值风速有逐步增大的趋势。结合有效风场宽度及电池电量消耗程度来考量，3种主要因素的主次排序及其较优水平依次为飞行速度1.56 m/s、飞机及负载质量14.05 kg和飞行高度1.93 m。该结果可为其他单轴单旋翼电动无人直升机用于水稻制种辅助授粉的田间作业参数设置提供参考，而且也可为制定基于农用无人直升机的水稻制种辅助授粉作业技术规范提供依据。
불동류형적농용무인직승궤적결구불동，선익소산생기류도체작물관층후형성적풍장야유교대차이，대응적풍속、풍향화풍장관도등삼수대화분적운송효과직접영향도수분적효과（모본결실솔）、작업효솔급경제효익。해문채용단축단선익전동무인직승궤，근거정교시험설계법설계료3인소（비행고도、비행속도화비궤급부재질량）3수평적정교시험，통과고찰평행우비행방향（X향）、수직우비행방향（Y향）、수직지면（Z향）3개방향상적봉치풍속（X、Y향월대월호，Z향월소월호）、Y향풍장관도（월관월호）、동력전지적압강（방전월만월호）3개지표，대단선익전동무인직승궤용우수도제충보조수분적전간작업삼수진행우선，시험결과분석표명：SCAU-2형단축단선익전동무인궤재봉치풍속＞1 m/s시대응적수도관층유효풍장최관가체8.1 m，최착위4.9 m，해궤형재소설계적시험조건하기본능만족전파화분적수구；해궤형재수도관층소형성풍장적봉치풍속주요수비궤적비행속도、비궤급부재질량、비행고도영향，차수착비행속도적강저、비궤급부재질량적증가、비행고도적강저，기봉치풍속유축보증대적추세。결합유효풍장관도급전지전량소모정도래고량，3충주요인소적주차배서급기교우수평의차위비행속도1.56 m/s、비궤급부재질량14.05 kg화비행고도1.93 m。해결과가위기타단축단선익전동무인직승궤용우수도제충보조수분적전간작업삼수설치제공삼고，이차야가위제정기우농용무인직승궤적수도제충보조수분작업기술규범제공의거。
The wind field parameters on rice canopy which formed by rotor airflow are significantly difference among different structure of unmanned helicopter. There are direct influence among the seed setting rate, operating efficiency, and the parameters of wind field on rice canopy. To explore the optimization parameters when the uniaxial single-rotor electric unmanned helicopter (USREUH) conducted supplementary pollination, orthogonal tests of three factors (including flight operating load, altitude and speed) and three levels was developed to measure the wind field which produced by USREUH in this study. The mass of tested USREUH is 9.3 kg, its rotor diameter is 2 m, and its maximum payload is 15 kg. The measured parameters of wind field included the following: wind speed atX direction (parallel to the direction of flight heading),Y direction (perpendicular to the direction of flight heading), andZ direction (the vertical direction), and also the battery’s voltage drop at each takeoff and landing of USREUH to estimate its economy. The wind field parameters of the USREUH were measured by a wireless wind speed sensor network measurement system (WWSSN), which consists of several wireless wind speed sensors (WWSS), a flight global position system (FGPS), and an intelligent control focus node (ICFN). The WWSSN is a star topology, which can realize multi-point, multi-direction, mobile, and real-time measurement for wind field parameters on rice canopy, and also can record the pose information of the USREUH when the supplementary pollination is conducted. In order to reduce the affect from natural wind speed, serveral treatment rules about natural wind speed were adopted before wind field data analysis. The test results showed that: the maximum width of wind field produced by USREUH (peak wind speed >1 m/s atY direction) was reached 8.1 m, it was indicated that this model of USREUH could meet the basic needs of supplementary pollination of hybrid rice under the designed test conditions. The peak wind speed which produced by USREUH was mainly affected by the following factors: flight operating load, altitude and speed. The lower altitude and flight speed, along with the increasing payload, it the higher peak wind speed was expected. Considering the width of wind field and battery electricity consumption, the order of the three influence factors is flight speed, takeoff weight, and flight height. And the optimal operation parameters for supplementary pollination in hybrid rice breeding are flight speed of 1.56 m/s, takeoff weight of 14.05 kg, and flight height of 1.93 m, respectively. The conclusions provide the important reference for the studies of operation parameters optimization based on any other kinds of USREUH, which are useful to the form of specifications for supplementary pollination in hybrid rice breeding using USREUH.