CAJ | 학술논문

为了解决现有的害虫机器监测技术与传统的监测手段结合存在的实时监测难度高、信息处理困难、成本高等问题，该文设计研发一种适用于果园环境的橘小实蝇成虫诱捕监测装置用于监测橘小实蝇成虫虫口密度。该装置外观由遮光罩、进虫口、虫口监测区和储虫瓶构成，信号检测模块包括红外光电耦合传感器匹配电路、电压跟随器电路、差分放大电路和迟滞比较器电路4部分。性能测试结果表明：该诱捕监测装置底部储虫瓶有、无遮光处理时，相应的感应电压均值分别为3.923和3.883 V，差异显著（P＜0.05），且上述2种方式均能使检测探头输出工作在线性区域；虫口监测通道管壁设计成黑、白、蓝3色，在自然光照条件下，管壁颜色对监测探头感应性能无显著差异性（P=0.606）；监测区域不同区域位置感应输出响应也无显著差异性（P=0.797），区域位置对监测输出误差影响可以忽略。应用该诱捕监测装置和人工计数方式在橘小实蝇成虫发生高峰期连续5 d 24 h监测成虫虫口密度，结果表明该装置监测相对误差为3%～8%，相比传统的人工计数方式，具有实时、自动化监测的优点，能够满足现有的橘小实蝇成虫长时期数据动态监测的需求，适用于果园橘小实蝇成虫动态监测推广使用。
위료해결현유적해충궤기감측기술여전통적감측수단결합존재적실시감측난도고、신식처리곤난、성본고등문제，해문설계연발일충괄용우과완배경적귤소실승성충유포감측장치용우감측귤소실승성충충구밀도。해장치외관유차광조、진충구、충구감측구화저충병구성，신호검측모괴포괄홍외광전우합전감기필배전로、전압근수기전로、차분방대전로화지체비교기전로4부분。성능측시결과표명：해유포감측장치저부저충병유、무차광처리시，상응적감응전압균치분별위3.923화3.883 V，차이현저（P＜0.05），차상술2충방식균능사검측탐두수출공작재선성구역；충구감측통도관벽설계성흑、백、람3색，재자연광조조건하，관벽안색대감측탐두감응성능무현저차이성（P=0.606）；감측구역불동구역위치감응수출향응야무현저차이성（P=0.797），구역위치대감측수출오차영향가이홀략。응용해유포감측장치화인공계수방식재귤소실승성충발생고봉기련속5 d 24 h감측성충충구밀도，결과표명해장치감측상대오차위3%～8%，상비전통적인공계수방식，구유실시、자동화감측적우점，능구만족현유적귤소실승성충장시기수거동태감측적수구，괄용우과완귤소실승성충동태감측추엄사용。
Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) are invasive pests that occur frequently. They can cause serious harm to fruit trees’ growth and have been ranked as an important quarantine object in many countries and regions. The regular manual survey used as the routine predicting method forBactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) cannot meet the requirement for real-time monitoring and warning of the adult pests in orchards. With the development of science and technologies, the method of the automatic machine monitoring for pests has been studied including detection of sound characteristics, radar monitoring, machine vision and spectral monitoring. Since the occurrence of Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) is characteristics by randomness, migratory and hiding, the direct use of monitoring techniques above in combination with the traditional method may cause some problems such as timing, processing and costs in monitoring pests. Therefore, this study developed a trapping and monitoring device for detecting Bactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) pests' quantity to tackle the problems above. Biological characteristics of the pests were analyzed. The numbers of pests were detected based on photo-electricity technology. The developed device was composed of a baffle, pest tunnels, detection area and a pest jar. A relevant signal detection module contained infrared photoelectric matching circuits, voltage followers, differential amplifiers and hysteresis comparators. Performance test of the device showed that there was significant (P<0.05) difference in the voltages detected from the device with shadowing and that without shadowing. The average voltages output from the device with shadowing and that without shadowing were 3.923 V and 3.883 V, respectively. The voltage output worked in a linear area. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in the voltage outputs from the devices with different colors (black, white and blue) designed for its tunnel wall. The measuring errors caused by different detection positions could be ignored since theF test for voltage outputs from different positions producedP value greater than 0.05. Furthermore, the detection reliability of the device was validated in aBactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) pests' quantity monitoring experiment during peak seasons. The results showed the detection error of the developed device ranged from 3% to 8%. It could provide real-time and automatic detection for the pests and meet the requirements of monitoringBactrocera Dorsalis (Hendel) in orchards.