CAJ | 학술논문

中国西南岩溶地区坡耕地受人类活动强烈作用，生态问题突出，定量评估其时空动态变化与生态服务功能，对于区域石漠化治理、生态建设、扶贫开发都具有重要意义。该研究以贵州省为例，利用2000年、2005年、2010年3 a多时相、多源遥感影像建立土地利用数据，结合坡度、岩性、聚落、交通条件，运用土地利用动态模型、综合热区域模型、生态服务价值模型，对2000年以来贵州岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化及生态服务功能进行分析，旨在弄清岩溶地区坡耕地时空动态变化的特征，为坡耕地管理利用提供参考。结果表明：1）10 a来贵州岩溶地区耕地资源减少0.44万km2，80%是坡耕地；坡度6°～15°区域集中分布了最多的耕地资源；随着坡度梯度增加，坡耕地减少幅度增大，分布比例大幅下降；2）岩溶地区坡耕地分布与基质岩性具有明显相关性，灰岩地区坡耕地（尤其陡坡耕地）比例、数量规模明显高于白云岩地区；白云岩地区坡耕地较多地分布在缓坡地带；3）空间上，一方面，10 a来距聚落大于900 m地区成为坡耕地转出的主要区域，但目前这一区域的陡坡耕地仍较多，应加快其退耕步伐；另一方面，坡耕地退耕过程表现出明显的公路指向性，在坡耕地转出土地距公路500 m内集中了近30%的坡耕地转出土地，随着距离增加，坡耕地转出土地的比例降低；4）贵州岩溶地区坡耕地转出形成了2个热点地区：临长江的乌江下游遵义东北和铜仁、黔中高原面的贵阳和安顺市周边；5）2000年以来贵州岩溶地区坡耕地退耕产生了良好的生态效应，坡耕地转出土地生态系统的生态服务价值估算为4399.81万元/a。总之，岩溶地区坡耕地10 a来变化显著，生态效应明显，但现存坡耕地的分类管理、高效利用仍任重道远。
중국서남암용지구파경지수인류활동강렬작용，생태문제돌출，정량평고기시공동태변화여생태복무공능，대우구역석막화치리、생태건설、부빈개발도구유중요의의。해연구이귀주성위례，이용2000년、2005년、2010년3 a다시상、다원요감영상건립토지이용수거，결합파도、암성、취락、교통조건，운용토지이용동태모형、종합열구역모형、생태복무개치모형，대2000년이래귀주암용지구파경지시공동태변화급생태복무공능진행분석，지재롱청암용지구파경지시공동태변화적특정，위파경지관리이용제공삼고。결과표명：1）10 a래귀주암용지구경지자원감소0.44만km2，80%시파경지；파도6°～15°구역집중분포료최다적경지자원；수착파도제도증가，파경지감소폭도증대，분포비례대폭하강；2）암용지구파경지분포여기질암성구유명현상관성，회암지구파경지（우기두파경지）비례、수량규모명현고우백운암지구；백운암지구파경지교다지분포재완파지대；3）공간상，일방면，10 a래거취락대우900 m지구성위파경지전출적주요구역，단목전저일구역적두파경지잉교다，응가쾌기퇴경보벌；령일방면，파경지퇴경과정표현출명현적공로지향성，재파경지전출토지거공로500 m내집중료근30%적파경지전출토지，수착거리증가，파경지전출토지적비례강저；4）귀주암용지구파경지전출형성료2개열점지구：림장강적오강하유준의동북화동인、검중고원면적귀양화안순시주변；5）2000년이래귀주암용지구파경지퇴경산생료량호적생태효응，파경지전출토지생태계통적생태복무개치고산위4399.81만원/a。총지，암용지구파경지10 a래변화현저，생태효응명현，단현존파경지적분류관리、고효이용잉임중도원。
Slope farmland is strongly affected by human activity in karst areas of southwest China, which leads to prominent ecological problems. Quantitative evaluation of spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland in Karst areas of southwest China can be of significance in desertification control and ecological recovery, poverty alleviation and community development. Based on land-use data obtained from multi-temporal and multi-source remote sensing images in the years of 2000, 2005 and 2010, and with the consideration of slope gradient, lithology, settlements and transportation conditions, this study used the land-use dynamic model, integrated Hot-spot area model and the model of value ecosystem services to study spatial-temporal dynamics and ecological service function of slope farmland since 2000 in the Karst areas of Guizhou province (103°36′-109°35′E, 24°37′-29°13′N), China. The results showed that the farmland of 4.4 thousand km2 had been reduced in the Karst area since year 2000, and about 80% of the lost farmland was from the slope area. The most farmland was distributed in the slope gradient from 6° to 15°. With slope gradient increasing, the percentage of slope farmland was reduced significantly. In addition, the spatial dynamics of slope farmland was correlated with the types of soil parent geological materials in Karst areas. The proportion and quantity of land loss in the slope farmland derived from limestone, especially steep slope farmland, was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the land in dolomite areas. There was more slope farmland distributed in slight slope of dolomite areas. Moreover, for the space distribution, the steep slope farmland was often located in areas far away from the settlements with most slope farmland located in the areas >900 m away from settlements. For these areas, changing land use should been accelerated in order to conserve the soils and vegetation. Also, road for automobiles had a strong impact on the process of land use change from agriculture in the slope farmland. About 30% of land in the areas <500 m away from the automobile road had been changed into other land uses rather than traditional agriculture from slope farmland. With the increase in distance away from the road, less land use changes in the slope farmland were observed. Two hotspots in northeast Zunyi and Tongren were Wujiang catchment closing the Yangtze River, and Guiyang and Anshun cities in Guizhou plateau, where land use was changed from traditional agriculture to other land uses in the slope farmland of Karst areas, Guizhou province. Finally, since 2000, land use change in the slope farmland from agricultural use had produced good ecological effects in Karst areas. The ecological services value (ESV) of the land use change in the slope farmland was estimated to be RMB 43,998,100 yuan /yr. In short, slope farmland in karst area has changed greatly in recent decades and its ecological effect is obvious.