CAJ | 학술논문

利用中国国家科技支撑计划重点项目环北京地区3架飞机联合云探测试验数据，分析了2009年4月18日和5月1日两次积层混合云中冰晶形状、分布与增长过程。结果表明：飞机在0--16℃范围的云层内观测到的冰晶形状主要包括板状、针柱状、柱帽状、辐枝状和不规则状。云中低层的冰晶形状受云顶温度影响，云顶温度不同，冰晶形状不同，当云顶温度高于-8℃时，云中低层的冰晶以板状和针柱状为主；当云顶温度低于-13℃时，在云中低层可观测到辐枝状冰晶；当云顶温度低于-18℃时，在云中低层可观测到柱帽状冰晶。同时冰晶形态还受其所处云中位置的影响，在积层混合云中的嵌入对流区含有更多的凇附状冰晶；在融化层以上，冰晶的增长过程主要包括凝华、凇附和聚合过程，在垂直方向上，随着高度降低云中过冷水增多，冰晶的凇附增长也相应增强。积层混合云中的对流区和层云区粒子谱下落拓宽速率有明显差别，在4．8-4．2 km（-11．6--8℃）高度层，对流区粒子谱拓宽速率为3 mm／km，而层云区为3．67 mm／km，层云中粒子拓宽增长的速率略高于对流区；而在4．2-3．6 km（-8--5℃）高度层，对流区的粒子谱拓宽速率为6．67 mm／km，层云区为2．33 mm／km，对流区的粒子拓宽增长速率是层云区的近3倍，主要原因是对流区低层的过冷水含量较高。
이용중국국가과기지탱계화중점항목배북경지구3가비궤연합운탐측시험수거，분석료2009년4월18일화5월1일량차적층혼합운중빙정형상、분포여증장과정。결과표명：비궤재0--16℃범위적운층내관측도적빙정형상주요포괄판상、침주상、주모상、복지상화불규칙상。운중저층적빙정형상수운정온도영향，운정온도불동，빙정형상불동，당운정온도고우-8℃시，운중저층적빙정이판상화침주상위주；당운정온도저우-13℃시，재운중저층가관측도복지상빙정；당운정온도저우-18℃시，재운중저층가관측도주모상빙정。동시빙정형태환수기소처운중위치적영향，재적층혼합운중적감입대류구함유경다적송부상빙정；재융화층이상，빙정적증장과정주요포괄응화、송부화취합과정，재수직방향상，수착고도강저운중과랭수증다，빙정적송부증장야상응증강。적층혼합운중적대류구화층운구입자보하락탁관속솔유명현차별，재4．8-4．2 km（-11．6--8℃）고도층，대류구입자보탁관속솔위3 mm／km，이층운구위3．67 mm／km，층운중입자탁관증장적속솔략고우대류구；이재4．2-3．6 km（-8--5℃）고도층，대류구적입자보탁관속솔위6．67 mm／km，층운구위2．33 mm／km，대류구적입자탁관증장속솔시층운구적근3배，주요원인시대류구저층적과랭수함량교고。
Ice crystal habits,distribution and growth process in the two cases of stratiform clouds with embedded convection on 18 April 2009 and 1 May 2009 are analyzed with the data observed during the Beijing Cloud Experiment (BCE).The results show that ice crystal habits in clouds with temperature between 0-- 16℃ were predominantly of plate,needle-column, capped-column and dendrite type,as well as irregular.Ice crystal habits were affected by the cloud top temperature (CTT)and were different with the change of CTT.Plate and needle-columns were predominant habits as CTT warmer than -8℃,but dendritic and capped-column crystals were observed just as CTT colder than-13℃ and -18℃,respectively.At the same time,ice crystal habits were also affected by their locations in cloud,and there were a lot of heavy rimed crystals in embedded convective regions.Above the melting layer,ice particle grew mainly by the deposition,riming and aggregation process,and the riming process became more intense in a lower cloud layer due to the increase of supercooled liquid water content.The broadening rate of Particle Size Distributions (PSDs)is obviously different between embedded convections and stratiform clouds in the vertical direction.For example,at levels 4.8-4.2 km (-11.6--8℃),the PSDs broadening rate in embedded convections is 3 mm/km,and smaller than 3.67 mm/km in stratiform clouds,but at levels 4.2-3.6 km (-8--5℃),the PSDs broadening rate in embedded convections is 6.67 mm/km,which was almost three times as big as 2.33 mm/km in stratiform clouds.This is mainly due to that embedded convections had more supercooled liquid water than stratiform clouds at levels 4.2-3.6 km.