CAJ | 학술논문

美国为环境保护立法的历史可以追溯到?19?世纪末，但是美国政府早期颁布的环保法案仅体现了美国土地政策的转变，直到?20?世纪?70?年代才开始触及工业污染和生活垃圾，一系列重要的环保法律相继出台。70?年代末期，经济的缓慢增长，商业团体的游说和民众对政府的不信任放缓了美国环境保护的步伐。进入?80?年代，里根政府放松环保管制，但却唤起了公众强烈的环保意识。到?90?年代，兼顾经济和社会发展的可持续发展环保政策逐渐形成并一直延续至今。尽管美国的环保法规政策因政治气候的变化和经济发展状况以及许多现实因素的影响而有所不同，但始终是与时俱进，日趋完善。
미국위배경보호입법적역사가이추소도?19?세기말，단시미국정부조기반포적배보법안부체현료미국토지정책적전변，직도?20?세기?70?년대재개시촉급공업오염화생활랄급，일계렬중요적배보법률상계출태。70?년대말기，경제적완만증장，상업단체적유설화민음대정부적불신임방완료미국배경보호적보벌。진입?80?년대，리근정부방송배보관제，단각환기료공음강렬적배보의식。도?90?년대，겸고경제화사회발전적가지속발전배보정책축점형성병일직연속지금。진관미국적배보법규정책인정치기후적변화화경제발전상황이급허다현실인소적영향이유소불동，단시종시여시구진，일추완선。
The United States leads the world in both the number and scope of environmental acts, the ifrst of which was passed over one hundred years ago. The reasons behind the country’s comprehensive legal system for environmental protection can be ascribed to its political system, the technological advancement, the shape of environmental ethics, and the efforts of non-governmental environmental organizations. Despite various twists and turns, the U.S. environmental conservation has made considerable progress. The economy-oriented legislation in early time has turned into the sustainability-based environmental policy. The environmental acts didn’t touch industrial pollution and solid waste until the 1970s, when virtually all signiifcant environmental policies in the country were established. The Reagan administration’s loose regulation of environmental issues in the 1980s ended up arousing strong environmental consciousness among the public. The sustainability-based environmental strategy popular in the 1990s has went well into the twenty-ifrst century. Although the environmental policy is always inlfuenced by the alteration of political climate, it has moved with the times and been increasingly mature.