CAJ | 학술논문

设施蔬菜种植中存在不合理施肥现象，土壤养分严重失调。为了解设施蔬菜地高氮肥力水平下不同氮素水平对磷素的养分吸收影响，2004-2007年在山东寿光进行不同氮素水平调控和秸秆还田试验，并于2007年冬春季进行裂区淋滤试验。结果表明，不同水平的氮素调控影响磷素含量变化，空白（NN）、有机肥（MN）、有机肥+秸秆（MN+S）供氮水平下土壤全磷含量逐年下降，降幅NN＞MN＞MN+S，全磷增幅传统氮素（CN）＞传统氮素+秸秆（CN+S）＞氮素优化+秸秆（SN+S）＞氮素优化（SN）。CN、CN+S供氮水平下土壤速效磷含量达到213.7、225.4 mg·kg-1，增长了17.1％、23.5％，磷素累积明显；其他供氮水平下速效磷含量逐年下降，降幅NN＞MN＞MN+S＞SN+S＞SN＞CN＞CN+S，减少氮素供应有利于减缓磷素累积，促进磷的吸收利用。除NN供氮水平下土壤有机磷含量下降外，其他处理均不同程度增加，CN、CN+S供氮水平下土壤有机磷含量累积明显（308.4、331.4 mg·kg-1），分别增长了28.5％、38.2％。SN+S供氮水平下磷的吸收系数（P2O5，mg·100 g-1）达到了1571，增长了143.6％；CN、CN+S供氮水平下磷的吸收系数出现了负增长，CN供氮水平下达到了416（P2O5，mg·100 g-1），下降了35.5％。添加小麦秸秆极大地提高了磷的吸收能力，在一定程度上能减缓土壤速效磷的累积。淋溶液中全磷含量SN＞SN+S，有机磷含量SN＞SN+S，秸秆还田对阻控有机磷素淋溶有一定的作用，但整个冬春生长季渗滤液中全磷含量在2.6~12.0 mg·L-1，有机磷含量在0.42~4.1 mg·L-1，淋出液水质仍超过了国家安全水质标准。因此，在高肥力水平下进行氮素调控，优化氮素供应量，促进了磷素的吸收利用，对农民在高肥力水平下施肥具有指导意义。建议农民在以后的种植中减少氮肥供应量及添加高碳源秸秆进行还田，以提高肥料的利用率，减少氮磷对土壤及水体的污染。設施蔬菜種植中存在不閤理施肥現象，土壤養分嚴重失調。為瞭解設施蔬菜地高氮肥力水平下不同氮素水平對燐素的養分吸收影響，2004-2007年在山東壽光進行不同氮素水平調控和秸稈還田試驗，併于2007年鼕春季進行裂區淋濾試驗。結果錶明，不同水平的氮素調控影響燐素含量變化，空白（NN）、有機肥（MN）、有機肥+秸稈（MN+S）供氮水平下土壤全燐含量逐年下降，降幅NN＞MN＞MN+S，全燐增幅傳統氮素（CN）＞傳統氮素+秸稈（CN+S）＞氮素優化+秸稈（SN+S）＞氮素優化（SN）。CN、CN+S供氮水平下土壤速效燐含量達到213.7、225.4 mg·kg-1，增長瞭17.1％、23.5％，燐素纍積明顯；其他供氮水平下速效燐含量逐年下降，降幅NN＞MN＞MN+S＞SN+S＞SN＞CN＞CN+S，減少氮素供應有利于減緩燐素纍積，促進燐的吸收利用。除NN供氮水平下土壤有機燐含量下降外，其他處理均不同程度增加，CN、CN+S供氮水平下土壤有機燐含量纍積明顯（308.4、331.4 mg·kg-1），分彆增長瞭28.5％、38.2％。SN+S供氮水平下燐的吸收繫數（P2O5，mg·100 g-1）達到瞭1571，增長瞭143.6％；CN、CN+S供氮水平下燐的吸收繫數齣現瞭負增長，CN供氮水平下達到瞭416（P2O5，mg·100 g-1），下降瞭35.5％。添加小麥秸稈極大地提高瞭燐的吸收能力，在一定程度上能減緩土壤速效燐的纍積。淋溶液中全燐含量SN＞SN+S，有機燐含量SN＞SN+S，秸稈還田對阻控有機燐素淋溶有一定的作用，但整箇鼕春生長季滲濾液中全燐含量在2.6~12.0 mg·L-1，有機燐含量在0.42~4.1 mg·L-1，淋齣液水質仍超過瞭國傢安全水質標準。因此，在高肥力水平下進行氮素調控，優化氮素供應量，促進瞭燐素的吸收利用，對農民在高肥力水平下施肥具有指導意義。建議農民在以後的種植中減少氮肥供應量及添加高碳源秸稈進行還田，以提高肥料的利用率，減少氮燐對土壤及水體的汙染。
설시소채충식중존재불합리시비현상，토양양분엄중실조。위료해설시소채지고담비력수평하불동담소수평대린소적양분흡수영향，2004-2007년재산동수광진행불동담소수평조공화갈간환전시험，병우2007년동춘계진행렬구림려시험。결과표명，불동수평적담소조공영향린소함량변화，공백（NN）、유궤비（MN）、유궤비+갈간（MN+S）공담수평하토양전린함량축년하강，강폭NN＞MN＞MN+S，전린증폭전통담소（CN）＞전통담소+갈간（CN+S）＞담소우화+갈간（SN+S）＞담소우화（SN）。CN、CN+S공담수평하토양속효린함량체도213.7、225.4 mg·kg-1，증장료17.1％、23.5％，린소루적명현；기타공담수평하속효린함량축년하강，강폭NN＞MN＞MN+S＞SN+S＞SN＞CN＞CN+S，감소담소공응유리우감완린소루적，촉진린적흡수이용。제NN공담수평하토양유궤린함량하강외，기타처리균불동정도증가，CN、CN+S공담수평하토양유궤린함량루적명현（308.4、331.4 mg·kg-1），분별증장료28.5％、38.2％。SN+S공담수평하린적흡수계수（P2O5，mg·100 g-1）체도료1571，증장료143.6％；CN、CN+S공담수평하린적흡수계수출현료부증장，CN공담수평하체도료416（P2O5，mg·100 g-1），하강료35.5％。첨가소맥갈간겁대지제고료린적흡수능력，재일정정도상능감완토양속효린적루적。림용액중전린함량SN＞SN+S，유궤린함량SN＞SN+S，갈간환전대조공유궤린소림용유일정적작용，단정개동춘생장계삼려액중전린함량재2.6~12.0 mg·L-1，유궤린함량재0.42~4.1 mg·L-1，림출액수질잉초과료국가안전수질표준。인차，재고비력수평하진행담소조공，우화담소공응량，촉진료린소적흡수이용，대농민재고비력수평하시비구유지도의의。건의농민재이후적충식중감소담비공응량급첨가고탄원갈간진행환전，이제고비료적이용솔，감소담린대토양급수체적오염。
There is an unreasonable phenomenon of fertilization in vegetable facility cultivation, with the serious imbalance of soil nutrient. In purpose of understanding the absorption characteristics of phosphorus from nitrogen-rich soil, a long-term nitrogen-controlled experiment was carried from the year 2004 to 2007, and a split plot experiment of leaching was carried in winter-spring season of 2007. The results showed that the content of phosphorus varied with different nitrogen control. The TP was decreased with nitrogen supply of none (NN)、or-ganic manure(MN)、organic manure and straw(MN+S), and the decreased range was NN>MN>MN+S, meanwhile the increase range of TP was traditional-nitrogen(CN)>traditional-nitrogen+straw(CN+S)>optimized-nitrogen+straw(SN+S)>optimized-nitrogen(SN). The available P with CN and CN+S reached to 213.7 mg·kg-1、225.4 mg·kg-1, which increased by 17.1 percent and 23.5 percent, which declared the phos-phorus was accumulated;The available P with other nitrogen controlled decreased with the range of NN>MN>MN+S>SN+S>SN>CN>CN+S, which showed that the supply reduction of nitrogen could slowdown the phosphorus accumulated and promote the utilization ratio of phospho-rus. The organophosphorus was increased except NN, with obvious increase with CN、CN+S (308.4 mg·kg-1、331.4 mg·kg-1)by 28.5 percent and 38.2 percent. The absorption coefficient of phosphorus with SN+S (P2O5,mg·100 g-1)reached to 1 571, increased by 143.6 percent;Otherwise the absorption coefficient of phosphorus with CN、CN+S showed negative growth, the CN dipped to 416 (P2O5,mg·100 g-1)by 35.5 percent. Adding wheat straw could greatly improved the capacity of absorption of phosphorus and slow down the accumulation of available phosphorus to some extent. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the filtrate with SN+S were less than SN, contrary to the concentration of organophosphorus, thus the straw returning had a certain effect on stopping the organophosphorus leaching, the concentrations of total phos-phorus in the filtrate was 2.62~12 mg·L-1, and the concentrations of organophosphorus was 0.42~4.12 mg·L-1, both of them exceeded the na-tional security quality standards of water. Consequently, control-optimization supply of nitrogen in high fertile soil could promote the absorp-tion and utilization of phosphorus, and had directive significance to guide famer’s fertilization. Reducing the supply of nitrogen and returning the straw with high carbon are suggested to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and reduce the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and water bodies.