CAJ | 학술논문

原不当侵害人对不当防卫能否进行逆防卫，理论上存在赞成与反对两种观点。当面临生命或重大健康安全时人会本能地反击，这是人性的表面，国外立法和我国正当防卫制度都没有否定原不法侵害人的逆防卫权。着眼于加害与被害的关系，否定逆防卫人的逆防卫权有脱离现实之嫌。但逆防卫毕竟是一种特殊的防卫，如果按正当防卫的一般条件要求逆防卫人，不利于原防卫人权利的保护，因而还必须为其设置一些特殊的限制条件。从逆防卫的特殊性出发，除满足正当防卫的一般条件外，逆防卫的成立还要满足四个条件：一是不当防卫必须严重危及人身安全；二是严重危及人身安全的不当防卫非常紧迫；三是对严重危及人身安全的暴力犯罪不允许进行逆防卫；四是逆防卫人必须履行躲避义务。
원불당침해인대불당방위능부진행역방위，이론상존재찬성여반대량충관점。당면림생명혹중대건강안전시인회본능지반격，저시인성적표면，국외입법화아국정당방위제도도몰유부정원불법침해인적역방위권。착안우가해여피해적관계，부정역방위인적역방위권유탈리현실지혐。단역방위필경시일충특수적방위，여과안정당방위적일반조건요구역방위인，불리우원방위인권리적보호，인이환필수위기설치일사특수적한제조건。종역방위적특수성출발，제만족정당방위적일반조건외，역방위적성립환요만족사개조건：일시불당방위필수엄중위급인신안전；이시엄중위급인신안전적불당방위비상긴박；삼시대엄중위급인신안전적폭력범죄불윤허진행역방위；사시역방위인필수리행타피의무。
There are two theoretically opposite views on whether the original infringer could conduct inverse defense against the defenders or not. From the point of view of human rights protection, inverse defense has no legal basis. Focusing on the interaction between the victim and the infringer, we cannot deny inverse defense. However, inverse defense is, after all, a special kind of defense. If we inquire inverse defense according to the general conditions of self-defense, it is not conducive to protect the rights of victims. Therefore, we must set more stringent applicable conditions for inverse defense. Except from meeting the general conditions of self-de-fense, inverse defense must meet three conditions as follows:first, the improper defense must seriously jeopard-ize personal safety;second, the serious threat to personal safety is very urgent;third, it is not allowed that the violent crimes seriously endanger the personal safety against the defense;fourth, the original infringer must ful-fill the obligations of escaping.