CAJ | 학술논문

近海的双壳类筏式养殖，通过对海域水文、物理、化学条件的改变，从在对海岸带水域的生态系统产生影响。滤食性双壳类能够摄食有机质颗粒和浮游植物，产生的粪便或假粪能够加剧生物沉降，造成有机质在海底表面的大量聚集，造成养殖海域的有机质污染。养殖设施也会引起当地水文状况和海流的改变。双壳类养殖筏架对大型底上动物来说，可起到人工鱼礁相似的作用，为众多生物提供了栖息场所和庇护场所，增加了大型无脊椎动物和底层鱼类可利用的饵料数量，保护底上动物免受渔业捕捞等强烈扰动的影响，提高底栖鱼类和大型无脊椎动物的丰度和生产力。而对于底内动物来说，双壳类养殖对底栖群落的结构和组成的影响与海流的强度呈负相关，当养殖海域的海流强度达到一定程度，大量有机质将会被带走，对底内群落的影响将可以忽略不计，但在海流能量较小的情况下，有机质的富集将会造成底栖群落多样性和丰度的降低。正确的养殖选址结合科学的生态容量评估，以及多营养层次的综合养殖是维持双壳类养殖健康可持续发展的重要保证。
근해적쌍각류벌식양식，통과대해역수문、물리、화학조건적개변，종재대해안대수역적생태계통산생영향。려식성쌍각류능구섭식유궤질과립화부유식물，산생적분편혹가분능구가극생물침강，조성유궤질재해저표면적대량취집，조성양식해역적유궤질오염。양식설시야회인기당지수문상황화해류적개변。쌍각류양식벌가대대형저상동물래설，가기도인공어초상사적작용，위음다생물제공료서식장소화비호장소，증가료대형무척추동물화저층어류가이용적이료수량，보호저상동물면수어업포로등강렬우동적영향，제고저서어류화대형무척추동물적봉도화생산력。이대우저내동물래설，쌍각류양식대저서군락적결구화조성적영향여해류적강도정부상관，당양식해역적해류강도체도일정정도，대량유궤질장회피대주，대저내군락적영향장가이홀략불계，단재해류능량교소적정황하，유궤질적부집장회조성저서군락다양성화봉도적강저。정학적양식선지결합과학적생태용량평고，이급다영양층차적종합양식시유지쌍각류양식건강가지속발전적중요보증。
Coastal bivalve mariculture can exert adverse or positive effect to the coastal ecosystem through changing the hydrological, physical and chemical conditions of coastal area. Suspension feeding bivalves can feed the organic particulate and phytoplankton, and enhance the deposition of organic matter on the sea floor through the excretion of feces and pseudofeces. Meanwhile the mariculture structure can also affect the local hydrodynamics and current flow. The mariculture structure can act as artificial reef which provides various habitats and refugees and more available food to the epifauna. The demersal fishes and macroinvertebrates under the mariculture structure will benefit from it and have higher abundance and productivity with the protection from the fishery trawling. The effect of the bivalve mariculture on the structure and composition of the macrobethic infauna is negatively correlated to the current or tidal flow strength. The negligible effect of the bivalve culture on the endobenthic community will occur with stronger current whilst the organic enrichment will result in the degradation of benthic diversity and abundance with slow current velocity. The suitable farm site selection, the evaluation of ecological carrying capacity and the integrated multi-trophic polyculture would be crucial to the healthy and sustainable development of bivalve mariculture.