杂草科学
雜草科學
잡초과학
WEED SCIENCE
2014年
1期
101-106
,共6页
黄春艳%王宇%黄元炬%朴德万
黃春豔%王宇%黃元炬%樸德萬
황춘염%왕우%황원거%박덕만
红小豆%除草剂%防除效果%安全性
紅小豆%除草劑%防除效果%安全性
홍소두%제초제%방제효과%안전성
Phaseolus angularis%herbicide%control effect%safety
采用田间小区试验方法，选择大豆田常用的几种除草剂进行红小豆田杂草防除效果和对红小豆的安全性试验。结果表明，960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油、900 g/L乙草胺乳油、330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油单用，对阔叶杂草的防效略好于禾本科杂草；50％丙炔氟草胺可湿性粉剂对反枝苋和龙葵的防效好于75％噻吩磺隆干悬浮剂，对藜和苘麻的防效相近。5种土壤处理除草剂混用后对阔叶杂草的防效有所提高，而对禾本科杂草的防效没有明显改善，对野黍的防效甚至有所降低；丙炔氟草胺分别与精异丙甲草胺、乙草胺、二甲戊灵混用的综合除草效果总体趋势优于噻吩磺隆与3种除草剂混用。10％氟烯草酸乳油、25％氟磺胺草醚水剂和84％氯酯磺草胺水分散粒剂等3种茎叶处理防除阔叶杂草的除草剂，虽然对阔叶杂草的防效表现不是很规律，但3种药剂对藜、反枝苋、苍耳和龙葵的最好防效都能达到100％。总体上看，试验所用的8种除草剂对红小豆均较安全，虽然3种茎叶处理除草剂对红小豆有轻微的药害，但都可以恢复正常生长，红小豆产量比对照有大幅提高，土壤处理红小豆增产率在33．3％～758．3％，茎叶处理红小豆增产率在250．0％～675．0％。
採用田間小區試驗方法，選擇大豆田常用的幾種除草劑進行紅小豆田雜草防除效果和對紅小豆的安全性試驗。結果錶明，960 g/L精異丙甲草胺乳油、900 g/L乙草胺乳油、330 g/L二甲戊靈乳油單用，對闊葉雜草的防效略好于禾本科雜草；50％丙炔氟草胺可濕性粉劑對反枝莧和龍葵的防效好于75％噻吩磺隆榦懸浮劑，對藜和苘痳的防效相近。5種土壤處理除草劑混用後對闊葉雜草的防效有所提高，而對禾本科雜草的防效沒有明顯改善，對野黍的防效甚至有所降低；丙炔氟草胺分彆與精異丙甲草胺、乙草胺、二甲戊靈混用的綜閤除草效果總體趨勢優于噻吩磺隆與3種除草劑混用。10％氟烯草痠乳油、25％氟磺胺草醚水劑和84％氯酯磺草胺水分散粒劑等3種莖葉處理防除闊葉雜草的除草劑，雖然對闊葉雜草的防效錶現不是很規律，但3種藥劑對藜、反枝莧、蒼耳和龍葵的最好防效都能達到100％。總體上看，試驗所用的8種除草劑對紅小豆均較安全，雖然3種莖葉處理除草劑對紅小豆有輕微的藥害，但都可以恢複正常生長，紅小豆產量比對照有大幅提高，土壤處理紅小豆增產率在33．3％～758．3％，莖葉處理紅小豆增產率在250．0％～675．0％。
채용전간소구시험방법，선택대두전상용적궤충제초제진행홍소두전잡초방제효과화대홍소두적안전성시험。결과표명，960 g/L정이병갑초알유유、900 g/L을초알유유、330 g/L이갑무령유유단용，대활협잡초적방효략호우화본과잡초；50％병결불초알가습성분제대반지현화룡규적방효호우75％새분광륭간현부제，대려화경마적방효상근。5충토양처리제초제혼용후대활협잡초적방효유소제고，이대화본과잡초적방효몰유명현개선，대야서적방효심지유소강저；병결불초알분별여정이병갑초알、을초알、이갑무령혼용적종합제초효과총체추세우우새분광륭여3충제초제혼용。10％불희초산유유、25％불광알초미수제화84％록지광초알수분산립제등3충경협처리방제활협잡초적제초제，수연대활협잡초적방효표현불시흔규률，단3충약제대려、반지현、창이화룡규적최호방효도능체도100％。총체상간，시험소용적8충제초제대홍소두균교안전，수연3충경협처리제초제대홍소두유경미적약해，단도가이회복정상생장，홍소두산량비대조유대폭제고，토양처리홍소두증산솔재33．3％～758．3％，경협처리홍소두증산솔재250．0％～675．0％。
The efficacy of eight soybean herbicides and their selectivity to Phaseolus angularis was studied under field con-ditions.Metolachlor 960g/L EC,acetochlor 900g/L EC and pendimethalin 330g/L EC applied individually better con-trolled broadleaf weeds than grasses .Flumioxazin 50%WP controlled Amaranthus retroflexus and Solanum nigrum better than thifensulfuron-methyl 75%DF but both had similar effects on Chenopodium album and A.theophrasti.Mixtures of 5 soil-applied herbicides with each other increased broadleaf weed control ,but there was not an obvious improvement in grass control,and in the case of Eriochloa villosa it was even reduced .Flumioxazin mixed with metolachlor ,and acetochlor with pendimethalin provided better control than thifensulfuron -methyl.Flumiclorac -pentyl 10% EC,fomesafen 25%AS and cloransulam -methyl 84%WDG gave total control of C.album,A.retroflexus,Xanthium sibiricum and S.nig-rum,the three foliar-applied herbicides provided total control of broadleaf weeds .All herbicides tested were selective to P.angularis even though the three foliar -applied herbicides were slightly but tem-porarily phytotoxic to this crop .Crop yield increased 33.3%~758.3% with the soil -ap-plied herbicides and 250.0% ~675.0% with foliar sprayed chemicals .
