气象
氣象
기상
METEOROLOGICAL MONTHLY
2014年
3期
269-279
,共11页
沙尘暴%沙尘%垂直结构%CALIPSO资料
沙塵暴%沙塵%垂直結構%CALIPSO資料
사진폭%사진%수직결구%CALIPSO자료
dust storm%dust particles%vertical structure%CALIPSO data
综合利用CALIPSO星载激光雷达探测资料和 MM5数值模拟结果，对2010年3月19-22日强沙尘暴过程不同阶段沙尘垂直分布特征及其动力、热力结构进行了初步分析，结果发现：在沙尘暴成熟阶段，沙尘层分布于2～9 km（850～250 hPa）的几乎整个对流层中，冷锋前抬升和锋后下沉导致的旺盛垂直混合使沙尘呈现相对均匀的垂直分布。在沙尘扩展及远距离传输阶段，沙尘层明显分为两层，分别位于对流层低层（700 hPa以下）和对流层中高层（600～300 hPa）。在沙尘暴各个阶段，弱风速垂直切变和弱位温、相当位温垂直变化始终与沙尘层配合，显示沙尘层维持中性混合层，而两个沙尘层之间则为强风速垂直切变及位温、相当位温锋区。另外，沙尘暴发展过程中，高空急流、位涡、比湿等要素均表明出明显的对流顶折叠和高空位涡下传，且在对流顶较高的区域，沙尘向上的扩展也较高，反之则较低。需要指出，在沙尘暴扩展和远距离传输阶段，在40°N附近，7～9 km沿纬向一线，均出现一小范围孤立沙尘区位于平流层中（或平流层附近），表明沙尘暴过程中能够产生沙尘的对流层-平流层输送，并在平流层中形成持续性的沙尘传输带。这可以成为沙尘气溶胶对流层-平流层输送及其在平流层中传输的一个直接的监测证据。
綜閤利用CALIPSO星載激光雷達探測資料和 MM5數值模擬結果，對2010年3月19-22日彊沙塵暴過程不同階段沙塵垂直分佈特徵及其動力、熱力結構進行瞭初步分析，結果髮現：在沙塵暴成熟階段，沙塵層分佈于2～9 km（850～250 hPa）的幾乎整箇對流層中，冷鋒前抬升和鋒後下沉導緻的旺盛垂直混閤使沙塵呈現相對均勻的垂直分佈。在沙塵擴展及遠距離傳輸階段，沙塵層明顯分為兩層，分彆位于對流層低層（700 hPa以下）和對流層中高層（600～300 hPa）。在沙塵暴各箇階段，弱風速垂直切變和弱位溫、相噹位溫垂直變化始終與沙塵層配閤，顯示沙塵層維持中性混閤層，而兩箇沙塵層之間則為彊風速垂直切變及位溫、相噹位溫鋒區。另外，沙塵暴髮展過程中，高空急流、位渦、比濕等要素均錶明齣明顯的對流頂摺疊和高空位渦下傳，且在對流頂較高的區域，沙塵嚮上的擴展也較高，反之則較低。需要指齣，在沙塵暴擴展和遠距離傳輸階段，在40°N附近，7～9 km沿緯嚮一線，均齣現一小範圍孤立沙塵區位于平流層中（或平流層附近），錶明沙塵暴過程中能夠產生沙塵的對流層-平流層輸送，併在平流層中形成持續性的沙塵傳輸帶。這可以成為沙塵氣溶膠對流層-平流層輸送及其在平流層中傳輸的一箇直接的鑑測證據。
종합이용CALIPSO성재격광뢰체탐측자료화 MM5수치모의결과，대2010년3월19-22일강사진폭과정불동계단사진수직분포특정급기동력、열력결구진행료초보분석，결과발현：재사진폭성숙계단，사진층분포우2～9 km（850～250 hPa）적궤호정개대류층중，랭봉전태승화봉후하침도치적왕성수직혼합사사진정현상대균균적수직분포。재사진확전급원거리전수계단，사진층명현분위량층，분별위우대류층저층（700 hPa이하）화대류층중고층（600～300 hPa）。재사진폭각개계단，약풍속수직절변화약위온、상당위온수직변화시종여사진층배합，현시사진층유지중성혼합층，이량개사진층지간칙위강풍속수직절변급위온、상당위온봉구。령외，사진폭발전과정중，고공급류、위와、비습등요소균표명출명현적대류정절첩화고공위와하전，차재대류정교고적구역，사진향상적확전야교고，반지칙교저。수요지출，재사진폭확전화원거리전수계단，재40°N부근，7～9 km연위향일선，균출현일소범위고립사진구위우평류층중（혹평류층부근），표명사진폭과정중능구산생사진적대류층-평류층수송，병재평류층중형성지속성적사진전수대。저가이성위사진기용효대류층-평류층수송급기재평류층중전수적일개직접적감측증거。
By using CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations )data and MM5 numerical simulation output data,the characteristics of vertical structure of dusty layers and its accompanying dynamic and thermal structure in a severe dust storm which occurred in North China from 1 9 to 22 March 2010 were studied.The results show that in the mature period of dust storm,the dusty layer distributes almost in the whole troposphere from 2 to 9 km.The vertical mixture caused by the cold frontal uplifting and the sinking after the front induces an uniform distribution of dust particles.After that,dur-ing the long distance transportation period of dust,the dusty layer is separated to two layers clearly,loca-ted at the lower troposphere (below 700 hPa)and the middle upper troposphere (from 600 to 300 hPa)re-spectively.In each stage of the dust storm process,the weak vertical change of wind speed,potential and equivalent potential temperature are closely coordinated with the dusty layers,which indicates that the neutral mixed layer maintains in the dusty layer.Between the two dusty layers,the frontal region of potential and equivalent potential temperature appear.Meanwhile,the evident tropopause fold and obvious declining of large potential vorticity appear.According to it,when the tropopause sustains at a higher alti-tude,the dusty layers are expanded to a higher altitude as well.Otherwise,the dusty layers are lower.It should be noted that in the dust long distance transportation stage,a banding area located at 40°N from 7 km to 9 km appears in the stratosphere,indicating that in this dust storm process,parts of the dust parti-cles are transported from troposphere to stratosphere.And it also forms a perisistent dust transportation belt in the stratosphere,so it can be regarded as an observational evidence to prove the troposphere-strato-sphere transportation of dust aerosol and the transmission of dust aerosol in stratosphere.
