河北民族师范学院学报
河北民族師範學院學報
하북민족사범학원학보
Journal of Hebei Normal University for Natinalities
2012年
1期
5-11
,共7页
大一统%长城之防%修德安民%木兰秋狝%诘戎绥边%避暑山庄%兴教修庙%怀柔远人
大一統%長城之防%脩德安民%木蘭鞦狝%詰戎綏邊%避暑山莊%興教脩廟%懷柔遠人
대일통%장성지방%수덕안민%목란추미%힐융수변%피서산장%흥교수묘%부유원인
whole unification%pevention of the peace to the people%Mulan autumn hunting%regulating Summer Resort to conciliate people in distant places Great Wall%cultivating one's moral character and giving millitary to stabilize border regions%building the Mountain
在中国封建社会发展的历程中,历朝历代的皇帝,基本上都是以儒学为治国的主导思想。清王朝虽然是由少数民族建立起来的国家与政权,但也极为尊崇儒家思想及其治国方略。清帝崇尚儒家＂大一统＂思想,反对封建割据,努力维护国家的统一。但在对待民族问题上,却根据清政府面对的具体情况,提出与前人不同主张,并确立了新的民族观念和民族政策。始自秦始皇建立中国历史上第一个统一的中央集权国家到朱明王朝,一直按内华夏、外＂四夷＂的传统观念,采取＂严华夷之防＂的政策,修筑长城或类似的边墙,把中原汉族与边疆少数民族分割开来。结果民族矛盾越来越深,战争连年不断。清朝统治者,特别是康熙、雍正、乾隆,既吸收儒家＂大一统＂思想,又突破了不利于民族团结的＂内外＂、＂华夷＂之别的传统观念,提出＂天下一家＂、＂中外一家＂的主张,摒弃修筑长城的民族隔离措施,代之以＂修德安民＂的温和政策,并通过＂举木兰秋狝,诘戎绥边＂、＂建避暑山庄,怀柔远人＂、＂兴教修庙,安抚众蒙古＂等具体实践,收到了大清王朝民族团结、国家统一、百姓生活安宁的卓著成效。
在中國封建社會髮展的歷程中,歷朝歷代的皇帝,基本上都是以儒學為治國的主導思想。清王朝雖然是由少數民族建立起來的國傢與政權,但也極為尊崇儒傢思想及其治國方略。清帝崇尚儒傢＂大一統＂思想,反對封建割據,努力維護國傢的統一。但在對待民族問題上,卻根據清政府麵對的具體情況,提齣與前人不同主張,併確立瞭新的民族觀唸和民族政策。始自秦始皇建立中國歷史上第一箇統一的中央集權國傢到硃明王朝,一直按內華夏、外＂四夷＂的傳統觀唸,採取＂嚴華夷之防＂的政策,脩築長城或類似的邊牆,把中原漢族與邊疆少數民族分割開來。結果民族矛盾越來越深,戰爭連年不斷。清朝統治者,特彆是康熙、雍正、乾隆,既吸收儒傢＂大一統＂思想,又突破瞭不利于民族糰結的＂內外＂、＂華夷＂之彆的傳統觀唸,提齣＂天下一傢＂、＂中外一傢＂的主張,摒棄脩築長城的民族隔離措施,代之以＂脩德安民＂的溫和政策,併通過＂舉木蘭鞦狝,詰戎綏邊＂、＂建避暑山莊,懷柔遠人＂、＂興教脩廟,安撫衆矇古＂等具體實踐,收到瞭大清王朝民族糰結、國傢統一、百姓生活安寧的卓著成效。
재중국봉건사회발전적역정중,력조역대적황제,기본상도시이유학위치국적주도사상。청왕조수연시유소수민족건립기래적국가여정권,단야겁위존숭유가사상급기치국방략。청제숭상유가＂대일통＂사상,반대봉건할거,노력유호국가적통일。단재대대민족문제상,각근거청정부면대적구체정황,제출여전인불동주장,병학립료신적민족관념화민족정책。시자진시황건립중국역사상제일개통일적중앙집권국가도주명왕조,일직안내화하、외＂사이＂적전통관념,채취＂엄화이지방＂적정책,수축장성혹유사적변장,파중원한족여변강소수민족분할개래。결과민족모순월래월심,전쟁련년불단。청조통치자,특별시강희、옹정、건륭,기흡수유가＂대일통＂사상,우돌파료불리우민족단결적＂내외＂、＂화이＂지별적전통관념,제출＂천하일가＂、＂중외일가＂적주장,병기수축장성적민족격리조시,대지이＂수덕안민＂적온화정책,병통과＂거목란추미,힐융수변＂、＂건피서산장,부유원인＂、＂흥교수묘,안무음몽고＂등구체실천,수도료대청왕조민족단결、국가통일、백성생활안저적탁저성효。
In the course of development of China＇s feudal society, almost every emperor basically adopts Confucianism as the dominant idea for administering the country. Although the Qing Dynasty is a state and government established by the minority, the rulers respect and worship Confucianism and its governing strategy.The Qing emperors advocate Confucian thoughts of ＂whole unification＂, against the feudal rule of separationist, to strive to safeguard the unity of the state. But in treating ethnic issue, according to the specific situation, the Qing government puts forward opinions different from predecessors, and establishes a new national concept and national policy. Beginning from the establishment of the first united centralized country in China＇s history by Qin Shihuang to Ming Dynasty, emperors have been taking the policy of separating the central plains Han nationality frora, minorities in the borderlands by building the Great Wall or continious wars. The rulers of Qing dynasty, esp. Emperor similar walls, which result in ethnic contradictions and Kangxi, Yongzheng or Qianlong put forward some views of ＂All under heaven are of one family＂ ＆ cultivating one＇s mo character and giving peace to the people instead of building the Great Wall. Therefore, the Qing dynasty has made outstanding achievements in national unity and people living in peace through the specific practice including Mulan autumn hunting to stabilize border regions, building the Mountain Summer Resort to conciliate people in distant places, and advocating religions and building temples to placate Mongolians.
