CAJ | 학술논문

　　目的：了解肇庆市端州城区学龄前儿童视力及屈光状态，为保护儿童视力、防治屈光不正提供依据。方法：分析2001-2010年肇庆市端州城区12所幼儿园4~6岁学龄前儿童的视力和屈光状态筛查资料。结果：共筛查学龄前儿童36778名，发现视力低常儿童6361名，视力低常率为17.30%；发现弱视儿童757名，弱视患病率为2.06%。不同年份的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.767， P=0.993）；不同级别幼儿园的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.245，P=0.351）；不同年龄组视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异有统计学意义（P<0.001），且随着年龄增长，视力低常率和弱视患病率有降低的趋势；不同性别的视力低常率和弱视患病率均差异无统计学意义（P=0.146，P=0.149）。视力正常及视力低常儿童屈光状态均以远视为主，患病率分别为88.68%和82.20%，近视患病率分别为2.80%和11.00%，随着年龄的增长，远视患病率逐渐降低，近视患病率逐渐升高。正视率和混合散光患病率较低，且没有年龄间差异。结论：学龄前儿童屈光不正以远视为主，但随着年龄的增长近视率不断提高，应对学龄前儿童定期进行视力检查，根据学龄前儿童视力变化特征，确定不同时期的防治方向。
　　목적：료해조경시단주성구학령전인동시력급굴광상태，위보호인동시력、방치굴광불정제공의거。방법：분석2001-2010년조경시단주성구12소유인완4~6세학령전인동적시력화굴광상태사사자료。결과：공사사학령전인동36778명，발현시력저상인동6361명，시력저상솔위17.30%；발현약시인동757명，약시환병솔위2.06%。불동년빈적시력저상솔화약시환병솔균차이무통계학의의（P=0.767， P=0.993）；불동급별유인완적시력저상솔화약시환병솔균차이무통계학의의（P=0.245，P=0.351）；불동년령조시력저상솔화약시환병솔균차이유통계학의의（P<0.001），차수착년령증장，시력저상솔화약시환병솔유강저적추세；불동성별적시력저상솔화약시환병솔균차이무통계학의의（P=0.146，P=0.149）。시력정상급시력저상인동굴광상태균이원시위주，환병솔분별위88.68%화82.20%，근시환병솔분별위2.80%화11.00%，수착년령적증장，원시환병솔축점강저，근시환병솔축점승고。정시솔화혼합산광환병솔교저，차몰유년령간차이。결론：학령전인동굴광불정이원시위주，단수착년령적증장근시솔불단제고，응대학령전인동정기진행시력검사，근거학령전인동시력변화특정，학정불동시기적방치방향。
Objective:To study the status of vision and refractive of preschool children in urban area of Zhaoqing city in Duanzhou district,and provide bases for protecting vision and preventing refractive error for children.Method:To analysis the screening data of vision and refractive status which was from 4 to 6 years old preschool children who were from 12 kindergartens in urban area of Zhaoqing city in Duanzhou district from 2001 to 2010.Result:A total of 36 778 preschool children was screened,6361 children were found low vision and the rate was 17.30%,757 children were found amblyopia and the prevalence rate was 2.06%.Low vision rate and prevalence rate of amblyopia were not statistically different between different years、different levels of kindergarten and different gender,but statistically different between different age groups(P<0.001),and appear to be decreasing trend with the increasing age.The refractive status of normal vision and low vision children were mostly farsighted,the incidence were 88.68%and 82.20%respectively,while the incidence of shortsightedness were 2.80%and 11.00%respectively.With the increase of age,the incidence of farsightedness decreased gradually while the incidence of shortsightedness increased.The incidence of emmetropia and mixed astigmatism were low with no differences between ages.Conclusion:The refractive error of preschool children was mostly farsighted,but with the increase of age,the incidence of shortsightedness increased gradually.We must carry out periodic vision check for preschool children and make corresponding preventive measures according to the characteristics of changes in vision of preschool children.