证据科学
證據科學
증거과학
EVIDENCE SEIENCE
2012年
2期
187-203
,共17页
非法审判前供述%排除规则%一元化审判法庭%积极调查%案例指导
非法審判前供述%排除規則%一元化審判法庭%積極調查%案例指導
비법심판전공술%배제규칙%일원화심판법정%적겁조사%안례지도
Illegally-obtained pre-trial confession%Exclusory rules%Unitary trial court%Active investiga- tion%Case-guiding
高举人权保障大旗的刑事诉讼立法淡化了刑事诉讼构造的路径选择,但是。基于一种结构缺陷.我国新近立法所确立和完善的审判前供述排除规则很容易沦为“纸面上的法”而难以转化为“行动中的法”。一方面.因为没有庭前法官和庭审法官的分离与法官和陪审团的分权.一元化的法庭可能会造成非法获取的口供从大门排除又从窗户跳进.而“口供排除”和“宣读口供”的两阶段在质证上存在着叠床架屋.更有为普遍地采纳审判前供述这一传闻证据“背书”的反其道而行之的趋势。另一方面.控辩不平等导致庭审最终落入长于法律辩论而轻视事实调查的旧习.而法官也陷入到底是积极调查还是消极听审的内在职责冲突之中。因此.本文设想以案例指导跳脱立法中心主义的虚无缥缈,以配套程序摆脱实质判断标准的人言人殊。
高舉人權保障大旂的刑事訴訟立法淡化瞭刑事訴訟構造的路徑選擇,但是。基于一種結構缺陷.我國新近立法所確立和完善的審判前供述排除規則很容易淪為“紙麵上的法”而難以轉化為“行動中的法”。一方麵.因為沒有庭前法官和庭審法官的分離與法官和陪審糰的分權.一元化的法庭可能會造成非法穫取的口供從大門排除又從窗戶跳進.而“口供排除”和“宣讀口供”的兩階段在質證上存在著疊床架屋.更有為普遍地採納審判前供述這一傳聞證據“揹書”的反其道而行之的趨勢。另一方麵.控辯不平等導緻庭審最終落入長于法律辯論而輕視事實調查的舊習.而法官也陷入到底是積極調查還是消極聽審的內在職責遲突之中。因此.本文設想以案例指導跳脫立法中心主義的虛無縹緲,以配套程序襬脫實質判斷標準的人言人殊。
고거인권보장대기적형사소송입법담화료형사소송구조적로경선택,단시。기우일충결구결함.아국신근입법소학립화완선적심판전공술배제규칙흔용역륜위“지면상적법”이난이전화위“행동중적법”。일방면.인위몰유정전법관화정심법관적분리여법관화배심단적분권.일원화적법정가능회조성비법획취적구공종대문배제우종창호도진.이“구공배제”화“선독구공”적량계단재질증상존재착첩상가옥.경유위보편지채납심판전공술저일전문증거“배서”적반기도이행지적추세。령일방면.공변불평등도치정심최종락입장우법률변론이경시사실조사적구습.이법관야함입도저시적겁조사환시소겁은심적내재직책충돌지중。인차.본문설상이안례지도도탈입법중심주의적허무표묘,이배투정서파탈실질판단표준적인언인수。
The amendment of criminal procedural law with highly-holding the banner of human rights safeguard weakens the path choice of criminal procedural model. Due to some kind of structural drawbacks, the exclusory rule of illegally obtained pre-trial confessions prescribed and perfected in the newly legislation is easy to be reduced to law in paper and difficult to be turned into law in action. On the one hand, since there are no separations of pre-trial judge against trial judge and court trial judge against jury, there may be the following phenomena appearing in the unitary trial court: the illegal obtained pre-trial confession is excluded from the gate but come back again through the window; the exclusion and presentation of confession overlap the cross-examination; and the endorsement for admission of pre-trial confession, a kind of hearsay evidence, may become popular. On the other hand, due to the unbalances between defenses and prosecutions, the court trial may fall into the old habit ot focusing on law debating rather than fact-finding, and the trial judge may fall into the conflict between active investigation and passive hearing. Therefore, this paper suggests to adopt a case guiding system instead of a way simply centering on legislation and to provide the matching procedures instead of only using the substantive standards.