中国农学通报
中國農學通報
중국농학통보
CHINESE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE BULLETIN
2013年
12期
17-21
,共5页
王百慧%刘宝林%岳中辉%田宇%郑景瑶
王百慧%劉寶林%嶽中輝%田宇%鄭景瑤
왕백혜%류보림%악중휘%전우%정경요
黑土%土壤质量%研究进展
黑土%土壤質量%研究進展
흑토%토양질량%연구진전
black soil%soil quality%research progress
为了合理利用黑土,维持黑土的可持续性,有必要对农田黑土的质量现状进行评价。因此,综述了20世纪80年代至今农田黑土的质量指标的研究状况,包括土壤的物理指标、化学指标和生物学指标,其中农田黑土物理指标和化学指标研究较早,研究方法已趋于成熟,而生物学指标(包括微生物、酶,土壤动物)研究起步较晚,但生物学指标能较迅速地评价不同农业过程的土壤质量,对土地利用的变化较为灵敏,但到目前为止农田黑土质量评价体系中还没有利用生物学指标的统一标准。在农田黑土质量指标的研究中除了要结合生物指标外,还需要利用现代分析技术快速灵敏的检测土壤质量,这才能为农田黑土的质量检测及合理开发提供基础数据。
為瞭閤理利用黑土,維持黑土的可持續性,有必要對農田黑土的質量現狀進行評價。因此,綜述瞭20世紀80年代至今農田黑土的質量指標的研究狀況,包括土壤的物理指標、化學指標和生物學指標,其中農田黑土物理指標和化學指標研究較早,研究方法已趨于成熟,而生物學指標(包括微生物、酶,土壤動物)研究起步較晚,但生物學指標能較迅速地評價不同農業過程的土壤質量,對土地利用的變化較為靈敏,但到目前為止農田黑土質量評價體繫中還沒有利用生物學指標的統一標準。在農田黑土質量指標的研究中除瞭要結閤生物指標外,還需要利用現代分析技術快速靈敏的檢測土壤質量,這纔能為農田黑土的質量檢測及閤理開髮提供基礎數據。
위료합리이용흑토,유지흑토적가지속성,유필요대농전흑토적질량현상진행평개。인차,종술료20세기80년대지금농전흑토적질량지표적연구상황,포괄토양적물리지표、화학지표화생물학지표,기중농전흑토물리지표화화학지표연구교조,연구방법이추우성숙,이생물학지표(포괄미생물、매,토양동물)연구기보교만,단생물학지표능교신속지평개불동농업과정적토양질량,대토지이용적변화교위령민,단도목전위지농전흑토질량평개체계중환몰유이용생물학지표적통일표준。재농전흑토질량지표적연구중제료요결합생물지표외,환수요이용현대분석기술쾌속령민적검측토양질량,저재능위농전흑토적질량검측급합리개발제공기출수거。
It is necessary to evaluate the soil quality status of black farmland in order to use it rationally and maintain its sustainability. So the author summarized researches on soil quality indication of black farmland from the 1980s, including physical indicators, chemical indicators and biological indicators. Soil physical indicators and chemical indicators of black farmland started to research earlier, and now they has become much mature. On the other hand, the research on biological indicators (including microorganisms, enzymes, soil animals) appeared relatively late. However, it’s worth mentioning that the soil biological indicators could be more rapid to evaluate the soil quality of different agriculture processes and be more sensitive to land utilization. Nevertheless, up until now, the validation including soil biological indicators as a universal soil quality criterion has still been under discussion. In the future, people should integrate not only biological indicators, but also modern analysis technology to detect soil quality so as to provide the basic data for soil quality testing and rational development of black farmland.