生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
1期
170-177
,共8页
雷秋霜%杨秀虹%方志文%王诗忠%赵云%仇荣亮
雷鞦霜%楊秀虹%方誌文%王詩忠%趙雲%仇榮亮
뢰추상%양수홍%방지문%왕시충%조운%구영량
多环芳烃%可溶性有机碳%表观溶解度%分配系数%结合能力
多環芳烴%可溶性有機碳%錶觀溶解度%分配繫數%結閤能力
다배방경%가용성유궤탄%표관용해도%분배계수%결합능력
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons%dissolved organic carbon%apparent solubility%partition coefficient%binding capacity
凋落叶作为森林凋落物的主要组成部分,其溶出的大量有机质也是森林土壤可溶性有机质(DOM)的主要来源之一。研究森林凋落叶溶出DOM对PAHs增溶作用的影响有利于合理预测及评价森林土壤中PAHs的环境行为和生态风险。本研究采集了南亚热带常绿阔叶人工林的4种常见树种--尾叶桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)、木荷(Schima superba)、大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)和湿地松(Pinus elliottii)的新近凋落叶为试验材料,研究其DOM含量、组成与性质,对比分析了不同凋落叶DOM对菲的増溶作用及其与DOM性质的相关关系。结果表明,4种凋落叶的可溶性有机碳(DOC)质量分数在C 11.61~36.25 mg·g-1之间,其中尾叶桉的含量最大,湿地松最小。尾叶桉和木荷DOM的主要组分是可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性酚(SP),两者总C量占DOC的比例超过47%,而大叶相思和湿地松中SS和SP两者总量所占比例均低于30%。另外,4种凋落叶DOM的质量分数(以C计)与其电导率的线性关系图中有明显转折点,说明它们均具有表面活性剂的性质。凋落叶DOM在临界胶束浓度(CMC)之上对菲具有不同程度的増溶作用,其与菲的结合系数(logKDOC)的大小顺序为尾叶桉(3.05 L·kg-1)>木荷(3.02 L·kg-1)>大叶相思(2.79 L·kg-1)>湿地松(2.54 L·kg-1),这表明尾叶桉和木荷DOM的增溶作用明显高于大叶相思和湿地松DOM。经分析表明,logKDOC与各DOM在254、280 nm处的特征紫外吸光度值(SUV-A254、SUV-A280)及其SS、SP的相对含量均呈显著正相关(p<0.01),与A240/A420、A254/A400比值呈显著负相关(p<0.01),说明DOM的芳香化程度越高,分子量越大, SS与SP所占比例越高,其对菲的増溶效果越明显。
凋落葉作為森林凋落物的主要組成部分,其溶齣的大量有機質也是森林土壤可溶性有機質(DOM)的主要來源之一。研究森林凋落葉溶齣DOM對PAHs增溶作用的影響有利于閤理預測及評價森林土壤中PAHs的環境行為和生態風險。本研究採集瞭南亞熱帶常綠闊葉人工林的4種常見樹種--尾葉桉(Eucalyptus urophylla)、木荷(Schima superba)、大葉相思(Acacia auriculiformis)和濕地鬆(Pinus elliottii)的新近凋落葉為試驗材料,研究其DOM含量、組成與性質,對比分析瞭不同凋落葉DOM對菲的増溶作用及其與DOM性質的相關關繫。結果錶明,4種凋落葉的可溶性有機碳(DOC)質量分數在C 11.61~36.25 mg·g-1之間,其中尾葉桉的含量最大,濕地鬆最小。尾葉桉和木荷DOM的主要組分是可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性酚(SP),兩者總C量佔DOC的比例超過47%,而大葉相思和濕地鬆中SS和SP兩者總量所佔比例均低于30%。另外,4種凋落葉DOM的質量分數(以C計)與其電導率的線性關繫圖中有明顯轉摺點,說明它們均具有錶麵活性劑的性質。凋落葉DOM在臨界膠束濃度(CMC)之上對菲具有不同程度的増溶作用,其與菲的結閤繫數(logKDOC)的大小順序為尾葉桉(3.05 L·kg-1)>木荷(3.02 L·kg-1)>大葉相思(2.79 L·kg-1)>濕地鬆(2.54 L·kg-1),這錶明尾葉桉和木荷DOM的增溶作用明顯高于大葉相思和濕地鬆DOM。經分析錶明,logKDOC與各DOM在254、280 nm處的特徵紫外吸光度值(SUV-A254、SUV-A280)及其SS、SP的相對含量均呈顯著正相關(p<0.01),與A240/A420、A254/A400比值呈顯著負相關(p<0.01),說明DOM的芳香化程度越高,分子量越大, SS與SP所佔比例越高,其對菲的増溶效果越明顯。
조락협작위삼림조락물적주요조성부분,기용출적대량유궤질야시삼림토양가용성유궤질(DOM)적주요래원지일。연구삼림조락협용출DOM대PAHs증용작용적영향유리우합리예측급평개삼림토양중PAHs적배경행위화생태풍험。본연구채집료남아열대상록활협인공림적4충상견수충--미협안(Eucalyptus urophylla)、목하(Schima superba)、대협상사(Acacia auriculiformis)화습지송(Pinus elliottii)적신근조락협위시험재료,연구기DOM함량、조성여성질,대비분석료불동조락협DOM대비적증용작용급기여DOM성질적상관관계。결과표명,4충조락협적가용성유궤탄(DOC)질량분수재C 11.61~36.25 mg·g-1지간,기중미협안적함량최대,습지송최소。미협안화목하DOM적주요조분시가용성당(SS)화가용성분(SP),량자총C량점DOC적비례초과47%,이대협상사화습지송중SS화SP량자총량소점비례균저우30%。령외,4충조락협DOM적질량분수(이C계)여기전도솔적선성관계도중유명현전절점,설명타문균구유표면활성제적성질。조락협DOM재림계효속농도(CMC)지상대비구유불동정도적증용작용,기여비적결합계수(logKDOC)적대소순서위미협안(3.05 L·kg-1)>목하(3.02 L·kg-1)>대협상사(2.79 L·kg-1)>습지송(2.54 L·kg-1),저표명미협안화목하DOM적증용작용명현고우대협상사화습지송DOM。경분석표명,logKDOC여각DOM재254、280 nm처적특정자외흡광도치(SUV-A254、SUV-A280)급기SS、SP적상대함량균정현저정상관(p<0.01),여A240/A420、A254/A400비치정현저부상관(p<0.01),설명DOM적방향화정도월고,분자량월대, SS여SP소점비례월고,기대비적증용효과월명현。
Leaf litter, being a major component of forest litter, can produce substantial amounts of organic matter that contribute largely to dissolved organic matter (DOM) in forest soil. Understanding the effect of leaf litter-derived DOM on the solubility of PAHs helps to reasonably predict their environmental behaviors, and to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risk of PAHs in forest soil. In this study, fresh leaf litters of four common trees (i.e. Eucalyptus urophylla, Schima superba, Acacia auriculiformis and Pinus elliottii) were collected in south subtropical region of China, and the contents, compositions and properties of litter-derived DOM were determined. Besides, the capacity of DOM in increasing water solubility of phenanthrene and its correlation with DOM properties were studied. The results show that the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in leaf litters ranged from C 11.61 mg·g-1 to 36.25 mg·g-1, with the highest in the water extract of E. urophylla and the lowest in that of P. elliottii. The major components of DOM in leaf litters of E. urophylla and S.superba were soluble sugars (SS) and soluble phenols (SP) which contained over 47%of the total DOC, while in other two plant litters-derived DOM the value was less than 30%. In addition, the conductivities of four DOMs increased upon their increasing aqueous concentrations with a distinct change in the slope observed, indicating that leaf litter-derived DOM could form micelle structure and exhibit surfactant properties. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of four DOMs were between 239.1 mg·L-1 to 558.8 mg·L-1. The apparent water solubility of phenanthrene was increased to some degree by the four DOMs when their DOC concentrations were above CMC values. The partition coefficients of phenanthrene to four DOMs (logKDOC) varied in the order of E. urophylla (3.05 L·kg-1)>S. superba (3.02 L·kg-1)>A. auriculiformis (2.79 L·kg-1)>P. Elliottii (2.54 L·kg-1), indicative of a stronger solubilization of phenanthrene by the water extracted DOM from E. urophylla and S. superba than A. auriculiformis and P. elliottii. Significant positive correlations (p<0.01) were found between values of logKDOC and specific UV absorption values at 254 nm and 280 nm (SUV-A280, SUV-A254), and between logKDOC and the relative contents of SS and SP, while significant negative correlations (p<0.01) were found between logKDOC and the values of A240/A420 and A254/A400. This implies that leaf litter-derived DOM with more aromatic structures, higher molecular weight and higher proportions of SS and SP, tends to hold a greater capacity to enhance phenanthrene solubility.