生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
1期
129-138
,共10页
胡成龙%姜加虎%陈宇炜%李金轩%蔡永久
鬍成龍%薑加虎%陳宇煒%李金軒%蔡永久
호성룡%강가호%진우위%리금헌%채영구
浅水湖泊%富营养化%大型底栖动物%群落结构%生物评价
淺水湖泊%富營養化%大型底棲動物%群落結構%生物評價
천수호박%부영양화%대형저서동물%군락결구%생물평개
shallow lakes%eutrophication%macrozoobenthos%community structure%bioassessment
大型底栖动物是湖泊生态系统的重要生物类群,在生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着重要作用。底栖动物具有生命周期长、迁移能力较弱、对环境变化反应敏感等特点,可有效指示湖泊生态系统的健康状况。湖北省是我国淡水湖泊分布最密集的区域之一,湖泊总面积为3025 km2。近年来,伴随着工农业、养殖业及城市化的快速发展,富营养化已成为本地区湖泊面临的一个主要环境问题,并可能直接影响大型底栖动物的群落结构。目前关于本地区湖泊大型底栖动物群落的研究还较少,为此本研究对湖北省27个浅水湖泊底栖动物进行了调查,并对水质状况进行生物学评价。共采集到底栖动物40种,隶属于4门7纲18科,其中寡毛类5种,摇蚊幼虫16种,软体动物双壳类4种、腹足类8种。霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)、花翅前突摇蚊(Procladius choreus)、中国长足摇蚊(Tanypus chinensis)、多巴小摇蚊(Microchironomus tabarui)及铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)是本地区湖泊最常见的种类。所调查湖泊底栖动物平均密度为32~1243 ind·m-2,其中12个湖泊密度低于200 ind·m-2,摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类对密度的贡献较大,以摇蚊幼虫占优势的湖泊有19个。底栖动物平均生物量为0.034~460.7 g·m-2,生物量低于50 g·m-2的湖泊数量最多(19个),软体动物占优势的湖泊有16个,摇蚊幼虫和寡毛类占优势的湖泊数量共11个。各湖泊底栖动物物种数为3~14种,Margalef指数为0.71~2.33,Simpson指数为0.69~0.85,Shannon-Wiener为0.78~2.13,Spearman相关性分析结果显示物种丰富度和三种多样性指数与湖泊面积呈显著正相关。BI(Hilsenhoff生物指数)评价结果显示共11个湖泊为一般和轻度污染(6.01~7.44),中度污染湖泊数量为13个(7.57~8.47),长湖(8.52)、上津湖(8.65)和玉湖(8.50)处于重污染状态。
大型底棲動物是湖泊生態繫統的重要生物類群,在生態繫統物質循環和能量流動中起著重要作用。底棲動物具有生命週期長、遷移能力較弱、對環境變化反應敏感等特點,可有效指示湖泊生態繫統的健康狀況。湖北省是我國淡水湖泊分佈最密集的區域之一,湖泊總麵積為3025 km2。近年來,伴隨著工農業、養殖業及城市化的快速髮展,富營養化已成為本地區湖泊麵臨的一箇主要環境問題,併可能直接影響大型底棲動物的群落結構。目前關于本地區湖泊大型底棲動物群落的研究還較少,為此本研究對湖北省27箇淺水湖泊底棲動物進行瞭調查,併對水質狀況進行生物學評價。共採集到底棲動物40種,隸屬于4門7綱18科,其中寡毛類5種,搖蚊幼蟲16種,軟體動物雙殼類4種、腹足類8種。霍甫水絲蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、囌氏尾鰓蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi)、花翅前突搖蚊(Procladius choreus)、中國長足搖蚊(Tanypus chinensis)、多巴小搖蚊(Microchironomus tabarui)及銅鏽環稜螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)是本地區湖泊最常見的種類。所調查湖泊底棲動物平均密度為32~1243 ind·m-2,其中12箇湖泊密度低于200 ind·m-2,搖蚊幼蟲和寡毛類對密度的貢獻較大,以搖蚊幼蟲佔優勢的湖泊有19箇。底棲動物平均生物量為0.034~460.7 g·m-2,生物量低于50 g·m-2的湖泊數量最多(19箇),軟體動物佔優勢的湖泊有16箇,搖蚊幼蟲和寡毛類佔優勢的湖泊數量共11箇。各湖泊底棲動物物種數為3~14種,Margalef指數為0.71~2.33,Simpson指數為0.69~0.85,Shannon-Wiener為0.78~2.13,Spearman相關性分析結果顯示物種豐富度和三種多樣性指數與湖泊麵積呈顯著正相關。BI(Hilsenhoff生物指數)評價結果顯示共11箇湖泊為一般和輕度汙染(6.01~7.44),中度汙染湖泊數量為13箇(7.57~8.47),長湖(8.52)、上津湖(8.65)和玉湖(8.50)處于重汙染狀態。
대형저서동물시호박생태계통적중요생물류군,재생태계통물질순배화능량류동중기착중요작용。저서동물구유생명주기장、천이능력교약、대배경변화반응민감등특점,가유효지시호박생태계통적건강상황。호북성시아국담수호박분포최밀집적구역지일,호박총면적위3025 km2。근년래,반수착공농업、양식업급성시화적쾌속발전,부영양화이성위본지구호박면림적일개주요배경문제,병가능직접영향대형저서동물적군락결구。목전관우본지구호박대형저서동물군락적연구환교소,위차본연구대호북성27개천수호박저서동물진행료조사,병대수질상황진행생물학평개。공채집도저서동물40충,대속우4문7강18과,기중과모류5충,요문유충16충,연체동물쌍각류4충、복족류8충。곽보수사인(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、소씨미새인(Branchiura sowerbyi)、화시전돌요문(Procladius choreus)、중국장족요문(Tanypus chinensis)、다파소요문(Microchironomus tabarui)급동수배릉라(Bellamya aeruginosa)시본지구호박최상견적충류。소조사호박저서동물평균밀도위32~1243 ind·m-2,기중12개호박밀도저우200 ind·m-2,요문유충화과모류대밀도적공헌교대,이요문유충점우세적호박유19개。저서동물평균생물량위0.034~460.7 g·m-2,생물량저우50 g·m-2적호박수량최다(19개),연체동물점우세적호박유16개,요문유충화과모류점우세적호박수량공11개。각호박저서동물물충수위3~14충,Margalef지수위0.71~2.33,Simpson지수위0.69~0.85,Shannon-Wiener위0.78~2.13,Spearman상관성분석결과현시물충봉부도화삼충다양성지수여호박면적정현저정상관。BI(Hilsenhoff생물지수)평개결과현시공11개호박위일반화경도오염(6.01~7.44),중도오염호박수량위13개(7.57~8.47),장호(8.52)、상진호(8.65)화옥호(8.50)처우중오염상태。
s:Macrozoobenthos are an important component and play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and energy flow in lake ecosystems. Their relative longevity, general sedentary and variable sensitivity to pollution make them good indicators of lake ecosystem health. In Hubei province, there are numerous floodplain lakes, with a total area of 3 025 km2. However, with the development of extensive industry, agriculture, fishing and urbanization in recent decades, many lakes in this area have undergone eutrophication, exerting great pressures on macrozoobenthos. However, few studies have been conducted on macrozoobenthic assemblages in these lakes. In this study, we carried out an investigation on macrozoobenthos of 27 shallow lakes in Hubei Province, and lake water quality was assessed based on the characteristics of the macrozoobenthic assemblages. A total of 40 macrozoobenthic taxa belonging to 4 phylum 7 classes and 18 families were recorded from quantitative samples, including 5 oligochaetes, 16 chironomids, 4 bivalves and 8 gastropods. Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Branchiura sowerbyi, Proclakius choreus, Tanypus chinensis, Microchironomus tabarui, Bellamya aeruginosa showed high occurrence in these lakes. Average abundance ranged from 32 to 1 243 ind·m-2 with 12 lakes lower than 200 ind·m-2, chironomids and oligochaetes dominated the community in abundance. Average biomass ranged from 0.034 to 460.7 g·m-2 with 19 lakes lower than 50 g·m-2. The biomass of macrozoobenthos were dominated by molluscs in 16 lakes, and dominated by chironomids and oligochaetes in 11 lakes. Species richness ranged from 3 to 14 taxa, Margalef index varied between 0.71 and 2.33, and the minimum/maximum values of Simpson and Shannon-Wiener indices were 0.69/0.85 and 0.78/2.13, respectively. Species richness and three diversity indices were significantly and positively correlated with lake surface area. Hilsenhoff biotic index (BI) indicated that 11 lakes were lightly polluted (6.01-7.44), 13 lakes were moderately polluted (7.57-8.47), and Changhu (8.52), Shangjinhu (8.65) and Yuhu (8.50) were heavily polluted.