生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
1期
58-63
,共6页
李玮%乔玉强%姜涛%陈欢%杜世州%赵竹%曹承富
李瑋%喬玉彊%薑濤%陳歡%杜世州%趙竹%曹承富
리위%교옥강%강도%진환%두세주%조죽%조승부
砂姜黑土%化肥%活性有机质%碳库管理指数
砂薑黑土%化肥%活性有機質%碳庫管理指數
사강흑토%화비%활성유궤질%탄고관리지수
lime concretion black soil%nitrogen management%labile organic matter%carbon management index
针对安徽省砂姜黑土的不良属性，在安徽蒙城砂姜黑土上进行了4年的施肥定位试验，施肥方式为年施氮量（以 N计）0、360、450、540、630、720 kg·hm-2，玉米季占55%，通过研究连续施肥措施下砂姜黑土耕层土壤活性有机质组分的变化特征，分析了单施化学氮肥对土壤有机质组分及碳库管理指数的影响。结果表明：施用化学氮肥有利于提高土壤总有机质质量分数和活性有机质质量分数，变化幅度分别为17.49~19.46、3.10~3.52 g·kg-1，化肥施用水平之间差异不显著，相比不施肥，施肥土壤的总有机质质量分数增加1.53~3.53 g·kg-1、活性有机质质量分数增加0.10~0.52 g·kg-1、稳定态有机质增加1.02~4.30 g·kg-1。处理间高活性有机质质量分数变化范围为0.46~0.62 g·kg-1，施用化肥后降低，高量氮肥与不施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05)；中活性有机质质量分数在2.21~3.25 g·kg-1之间，且与氮肥施用水平有关，年施氮量（以N计）高于540 kg·hm-2时其值增加，但各施用水平间无显著差异(P>0.05)。施氮对CMI的影响不显著，土壤总有机质增加的有机质组分主要为稳定性有机质。施氮处理的玉米籽粒产量明显高于不施氮处理，年施氮（以N计）720 kg·hm-2的玉米籽粒产量最高，达11137.90 kg·hm-2。相关性分析结果显示，3种活性有机质之间，活性有机质和高活性有机质相关性最高，关系最为密切；碳库管理指数与活性有机质呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.910；总有机质含量与活性有机质含量显著正相关(P<0.05)，与碳库管理指数无显著相关性(P>0.05)；玉米籽粒产量与总有机质、活性有机质极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与碳库管理指数显著相关(P<0.05)。由此可知，化学氮肥可促进砂姜黑土耕层土壤总有机质和活性有机质的提高，且二者均能够反映砂姜黑土施用化肥后的肥力变化情况；提高砂姜黑土总有机质的有机质组分主要是稳定态有机质；要提高玉米产量需要较高的氮肥用量。
針對安徽省砂薑黑土的不良屬性，在安徽矇城砂薑黑土上進行瞭4年的施肥定位試驗，施肥方式為年施氮量（以 N計）0、360、450、540、630、720 kg·hm-2，玉米季佔55%，通過研究連續施肥措施下砂薑黑土耕層土壤活性有機質組分的變化特徵，分析瞭單施化學氮肥對土壤有機質組分及碳庫管理指數的影響。結果錶明：施用化學氮肥有利于提高土壤總有機質質量分數和活性有機質質量分數，變化幅度分彆為17.49~19.46、3.10~3.52 g·kg-1，化肥施用水平之間差異不顯著，相比不施肥，施肥土壤的總有機質質量分數增加1.53~3.53 g·kg-1、活性有機質質量分數增加0.10~0.52 g·kg-1、穩定態有機質增加1.02~4.30 g·kg-1。處理間高活性有機質質量分數變化範圍為0.46~0.62 g·kg-1，施用化肥後降低，高量氮肥與不施肥處理間差異顯著(P<0.05)；中活性有機質質量分數在2.21~3.25 g·kg-1之間，且與氮肥施用水平有關，年施氮量（以N計）高于540 kg·hm-2時其值增加，但各施用水平間無顯著差異(P>0.05)。施氮對CMI的影響不顯著，土壤總有機質增加的有機質組分主要為穩定性有機質。施氮處理的玉米籽粒產量明顯高于不施氮處理，年施氮（以N計）720 kg·hm-2的玉米籽粒產量最高，達11137.90 kg·hm-2。相關性分析結果顯示，3種活性有機質之間，活性有機質和高活性有機質相關性最高，關繫最為密切；碳庫管理指數與活性有機質呈極顯著正相關，相關繫數為0.910；總有機質含量與活性有機質含量顯著正相關(P<0.05)，與碳庫管理指數無顯著相關性(P>0.05)；玉米籽粒產量與總有機質、活性有機質極顯著正相關(P<0.01)，與碳庫管理指數顯著相關(P<0.05)。由此可知，化學氮肥可促進砂薑黑土耕層土壤總有機質和活性有機質的提高，且二者均能夠反映砂薑黑土施用化肥後的肥力變化情況；提高砂薑黑土總有機質的有機質組分主要是穩定態有機質；要提高玉米產量需要較高的氮肥用量。
침대안휘성사강흑토적불량속성，재안휘몽성사강흑토상진행료4년적시비정위시험，시비방식위년시담량（이 N계）0、360、450、540、630、720 kg·hm-2，옥미계점55%，통과연구련속시비조시하사강흑토경층토양활성유궤질조분적변화특정，분석료단시화학담비대토양유궤질조분급탄고관리지수적영향。결과표명：시용화학담비유리우제고토양총유궤질질량분수화활성유궤질질량분수，변화폭도분별위17.49~19.46、3.10~3.52 g·kg-1，화비시용수평지간차이불현저，상비불시비，시비토양적총유궤질질량분수증가1.53~3.53 g·kg-1、활성유궤질질량분수증가0.10~0.52 g·kg-1、은정태유궤질증가1.02~4.30 g·kg-1。처리간고활성유궤질질량분수변화범위위0.46~0.62 g·kg-1，시용화비후강저，고량담비여불시비처리간차이현저(P<0.05)；중활성유궤질질량분수재2.21~3.25 g·kg-1지간，차여담비시용수평유관，년시담량（이N계）고우540 kg·hm-2시기치증가，단각시용수평간무현저차이(P>0.05)。시담대CMI적영향불현저，토양총유궤질증가적유궤질조분주요위은정성유궤질。시담처리적옥미자립산량명현고우불시담처리，년시담（이N계）720 kg·hm-2적옥미자립산량최고，체11137.90 kg·hm-2。상관성분석결과현시，3충활성유궤질지간，활성유궤질화고활성유궤질상관성최고，관계최위밀절；탄고관리지수여활성유궤질정겁현저정상관，상관계수위0.910；총유궤질함량여활성유궤질함량현저정상관(P<0.05)，여탄고관리지수무현저상관성(P>0.05)；옥미자립산량여총유궤질、활성유궤질겁현저정상관(P<0.01)，여탄고관리지수현저상관(P<0.05)。유차가지，화학담비가촉진사강흑토경층토양총유궤질화활성유궤질적제고，차이자균능구반영사강흑토시용화비후적비력변화정황；제고사강흑토총유궤질적유궤질조분주요시은정태유궤질；요제고옥미산량수요교고적담비용량。
To analyze the negative properties of lime concretion black soil, an experiment using six different application concentrations of N fertilizer of 0, 360, 450, 540, 630, 720 kg N hm-2 was conducted over four years in Mengcheng City, China. The effects of the N fertilizer application rates on soil organic matter fraction and the carbon management index (CMI) in lime concretion black soils were systematically studied using the data obtained at this test location and through analyzing the change in soil organic matter fraction and CMI. The results showed that the application of N fertilizer increased the total organic matter (TOM) and labile organic matter (LOM). The ranges of TOM and LOM were 17.49~19.46 and 3.10~3.52 g·kg-1, respectively, and the increased values of TOM, LOM and non-labile organic matter (NLOM) compared with no fertilizer treatment were between 1.53~3.53, 0.10~0.52 and 1.02~4.30 g·kg-1, but had no significant differences among the rates of N application. The range of change of the high labile organic matter (HLOM) was between 0.46~0.62 g·kg-1, had a decreasing trend with increasing N fertilizer application, and showed significant differences between the high N fertilizer application rate and no fertilizer application (P<0.05). However, the medium labile organic matter (MLOM) was comparatively low, and was affected by the nitrogen application rates. Its value increased when N was greater than 540 kg N·hm-2, which was a critical value of N fertilizer application rate. However, there were no significant differences between different N fertilizer treatment amounts. of all the treatments, soil NLOM could be advanced to cause an increase in total organic matter, with CMI not affected by the N fertilizer application rate. Maize yields from application of N fertilizer treatments were clearly higher than no fertilizer treatment conditions with the highest yield of 11 137.90 kg·hm-2 for 720 kg N·hm-2 N fertilizer application rate. Correlation analysis showed the relationship between LOM and HLOM was the most significant, having the highest relevance. Carbon management index was significantly related to LOM (P<0.01), with a correlation coefficient of 0.910**. There was a significant positive correlation between TOM and LOM (P<0.05), and no significant difference between TOM and CMI (P>0.05). The maize grain yield was very significantly correlated with TOM and LOM (P<0.01), with no correlation with CMI (P>0.05). Therefore, the addition of chemical fertilizer can increase the total organic matter in lime concretion black soil, mainly due to increases in stable organic matter, and labile organic matter, thereby changing the fertility in these areas.
