CAJ | 학술논문

有限元法（ FEA）是把复杂整体的性状用分解的有限个简单单元的组合性状来模拟、计算、分析、预测的方法。这一方法最早用于工业领域的结构力学计算，自1972年首先报道采用有限元方法成功分析骨的生物力学性状以来，历经近40年在骨科相关基础与临床研究的应用、发展， FEA技术不断进步，其发展主要体现在以下方面：由原来简单粗糙的二维数据模型向高度复杂、逼真的三维数据模型发展，模拟精确度不断提高；对模拟材料的赋值参数由早期的匀质单一材料向非匀质多属性材料发展，由各向同性材料向各向异性材料发展；由单纯包含骨结构向包含皮质骨、松质骨、关节软骨、骨髓腔、韧带、肌肉，甚至关节囊等软组织在内的高仿真数据模型发展；由粗糙的宏观粗略数据模型向精确的微观显微数据模型发展，并正向大块精确宏观显微数据模型发展。现在其应用已经渐渐扩展到脊柱、四肢骨与关节、某些软组织，甚至骨小梁等显微骨结构的重建模拟和生物力学分析中，为骨科基础及临床研究提供重要而关键的技术支撑。
유한원법（ FEA）시파복잡정체적성상용분해적유한개간단단원적조합성상래모의、계산、분석、예측적방법。저일방법최조용우공업영역적결구역학계산，자1972년수선보도채용유한원방법성공분석골적생물역학성상이래，력경근40년재골과상관기출여림상연구적응용、발전， FEA기술불단진보，기발전주요체현재이하방면：유원래간단조조적이유수거모형향고도복잡、핍진적삼유수거모형발전，모의정학도불단제고；대모의재료적부치삼수유조기적균질단일재료향비균질다속성재료발전，유각향동성재료향각향이성재료발전；유단순포함골결구향포함피질골、송질골、관절연골、골수강、인대、기육，심지관절낭등연조직재내적고방진수거모형발전；유조조적굉관조략수거모형향정학적미관현미수거모형발전，병정향대괴정학굉관현미수거모형발전。현재기응용이경점점확전도척주、사지골여관절、모사연조직，심지골소량등현미골결구적중건모의화생물역학분석중，위골과기출급림상연구제공중요이관건적기술지탱。
Finite Element Analysis ( FEA) is a method which evaluates the quality of a whole entity as a combination of a number of finite simple elements .It has been adopted to calculate structural mechanics early in industrial .After primly reported successful application in bone structure biomechanics in 1972 , FEA technology keeps developing progressively till now.The mathematic models have developed from low accurate simple 2-Dimentionally to high accurate complex 3-Dim-entionally models.Elastic Modulus of target structures have altered from single value to multiple values .The models have changed from including only bone structures to including kinds of different tissues , such as cortex , trabecular bone , carti-lage, intramedullary canal, ligament, muscle, and even articular capsular , etc.Furthermore, the models have developed recently from macro structure to micro structure reconstruction .Now, the application of FEA has expanded into studies of spine, limbs, articular, soft tissue, and bone trabiculae, etc.Development of FEA technology has and will provide strong support for orthopedic research .