生物灾害科学
生物災害科學
생물재해과학
Jiangxi Plant Protection
2014年
1期
64-69
,共6页
除草剂%均三氮苯类%扑草净%生态毒理%微生物%降解
除草劑%均三氮苯類%撲草淨%生態毒理%微生物%降解
제초제%균삼담분류%복초정%생태독리%미생물%강해
herbicide%triazine%prometryne%eco-toxicity%microorganism%degradation
扑草净是一种均三氮苯类除草剂，近年来被广泛应用于水产养殖中，在清除水体青苔和杂草方面卓有成效。但因其具有较难降解的特性而对养殖水环境存在着污染隐患。本文阐述了扑草净在养殖水体中的生态毒理效应及其微生物降解的研究进展，以期引起相关研究者的关注和重视。扑草净对养殖水体中的水生生物具有一定的急性毒性，其对水草和藻类属于高毒物质，对鱼、虾类的毒性介于中毒和高毒之间，并可通过藻类间接影响鱼虾的生长代谢。扑草净在环境中的半衰期长达数月，但在一定条件下可被微生物降解。降解微生物包括细菌、真菌等20多种。微生物对扑草净的降解主要是通过酶促反应完成的，受物质本身结构、环境温度、pH等多种因素的影响，多种微生物共存时的降解效果较好。目前利用微生物降解扑草净的研究多数还停留在试验阶段，实际生产中尚无规模化的应用，对其在降解过程中可能产生的中间产物及毒性效应研究不多。因此如何有效地筛选高活性的降解菌株，降低扑草净在养殖环境中的停留，减少对水生生物的毒性将是未来研究的目标和方向。
撲草淨是一種均三氮苯類除草劑，近年來被廣汎應用于水產養殖中，在清除水體青苔和雜草方麵卓有成效。但因其具有較難降解的特性而對養殖水環境存在著汙染隱患。本文闡述瞭撲草淨在養殖水體中的生態毒理效應及其微生物降解的研究進展，以期引起相關研究者的關註和重視。撲草淨對養殖水體中的水生生物具有一定的急性毒性，其對水草和藻類屬于高毒物質，對魚、蝦類的毒性介于中毒和高毒之間，併可通過藻類間接影響魚蝦的生長代謝。撲草淨在環境中的半衰期長達數月，但在一定條件下可被微生物降解。降解微生物包括細菌、真菌等20多種。微生物對撲草淨的降解主要是通過酶促反應完成的，受物質本身結構、環境溫度、pH等多種因素的影響，多種微生物共存時的降解效果較好。目前利用微生物降解撲草淨的研究多數還停留在試驗階段，實際生產中尚無規模化的應用，對其在降解過程中可能產生的中間產物及毒性效應研究不多。因此如何有效地篩選高活性的降解菌株，降低撲草淨在養殖環境中的停留，減少對水生生物的毒性將是未來研究的目標和方嚮。
복초정시일충균삼담분류제초제，근년래피엄범응용우수산양식중，재청제수체청태화잡초방면탁유성효。단인기구유교난강해적특성이대양식수배경존재착오염은환。본문천술료복초정재양식수체중적생태독리효응급기미생물강해적연구진전，이기인기상관연구자적관주화중시。복초정대양식수체중적수생생물구유일정적급성독성，기대수초화조류속우고독물질，대어、하류적독성개우중독화고독지간，병가통과조류간접영향어하적생장대사。복초정재배경중적반쇠기장체수월，단재일정조건하가피미생물강해。강해미생물포괄세균、진균등20다충。미생물대복초정적강해주요시통과매촉반응완성적，수물질본신결구、배경온도、pH등다충인소적영향，다충미생물공존시적강해효과교호。목전이용미생물강해복초정적연구다수환정류재시험계단，실제생산중상무규모화적응용，대기재강해과정중가능산생적중간산물급독성효응연구불다。인차여하유효지사선고활성적강해균주，강저복초정재양식배경중적정류，감소대수생생물적독성장시미래연구적목표화방향。
Prometryne is a kind of the triazine herbicides, which is widely used in aquaculture in recent years, and has effective effects in clearing moss and weeds in water. But it causes serious pollution to aquaculture water environment because of its refractory characteristic. This article is hoping to attract associated researchers’ attention and concern by elaborating the research progress of the ecotoxicological effects and microbial degradation of Prometryne in aquaculture water. Prometryne has acute toxicity to aquatic organisms in water. It is highly toxic to aquatic plants and algae. The toxicity of prometryne to fish and shrimp is between high and middle, and it has indirect effects on the growth and metabolism of fish and shrimp via algae. Prometryne’s half-life in environment can be several months, while under certain conditions it can be degraded by microorganism. Those microorganisms are more than 20 species including bacteria and fungi. Microbial degradation of prometryne mainly based on enzymatic reactions. It’s affected by many factors such as the structure of the material itself, temperature and pH of environment. A variety of microorganisms’ coexistence makes the degradation works better. The researches of using the microbial degradation of prometryne are mostly staying in the pilot phase now. There is still no actual production scale application, and there are not a lot of studies of the intermediates and toxic effects that the degradation may produce. Thus, how to effectively select highly active degradation strains, reduce the remaining of prometryne in aquaculture water, and reduce its toxicity to aquatic organisms are becoming the goals and direction of future research.
