CAJ | 학술논문

现代政党的执政之路永远是在其政治纲领与社会现状之间寻求平衡,英国工党的大选历程为此提供了最佳范例。诞生于工会运动中的英国工党在早期受到劳工主义的影响,一战之后社会主义意识形态成为工党的主流指导思想并使其成功赢得1945年的英国大选。但是,50年代以来英国社会阶级构成的演变使得工党的国有化政策陷入进退维谷的境地,并且导致七八十年代党内的理论分歧和激烈斗争。经过近20年的困顿与调整后工党在1997年重新执政,＂新工党＂最终形成。工党的主流意识形态、竞选纲领和选民阶级构成这三者的变化相互交织和影响,构成了工党一个世纪执政道路的起承转合。
현대정당적집정지로영원시재기정치강령여사회현상지간심구평형,영국공당적대선역정위차제공료최가범례。탄생우공회운동중적영국공당재조기수도노공주의적영향,일전지후사회주의의식형태성위공당적주류지도사상병사기성공영득1945년적영국대선。단시,50년대이래영국사회계급구성적연변사득공당적국유화정책함입진퇴유곡적경지,병차도치칠팔십년대당내적이론분기화격렬두쟁。경과근20년적곤돈여조정후공당재1997년중신집정,＂신공당＂최종형성。공당적주류의식형태、경선강령화선민계급구성저삼자적변화상호교직화영향,구성료공당일개세기집정도로적기승전합。
The path for modern political parties to come to power is invariably the pursuit of the balance between their political ideologies and current social situations.The British Labour Party's history of general elections has served as a perfect example to this process.Born in the movement of trade unions,the British Labour Party was influenced by labourism in the early ages.As a result,socialism became the dominant ideology of the Labour Party after World War I and won it a glorious victory in 1945.However,the evolution of the structure of British social classes threw its nationalization policy into a dilemma in the 1950s and resulted in the theoretical disputes and fierce struggles within the Party in 1970s and 1980s.After twenty years of confusion and adjustment,the Labour Party succeeded in returning to the No.10 Downing Street in 1997,which suggested the eventual formation of "New Labour Party".The evolution of dominant ideologies,the change of general election manifestos and the transformation of social structure of voters overlap and influence each other so that the three essential factors combined have constructed the expedition of the Labour Party to power in the past century.