云南地理环境研究
雲南地理環境研究
운남지리배경연구
YUNNAN GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
2012年
1期
25-29
,共5页
云南%倒春寒%烤烟
雲南%倒春寒%烤煙
운남%도춘한%고연
Yunnan%late spring cold%tobacco
倒春寒是影响云南烤烟种植的一种灾害性天气过程。利用逐日的气象观测资料对2011年3月发生在云南的倒春寒天气过程及其对烤烟生产的影响进行了分析。结果表明：（1）2011年3月发生的倒春寒是近5年同期云南省影响范围最大的倒春寒过程;全省共有57个站点出现倒春寒,主要分布在云南东北部、中部及东南部地区。（2）根据云南烤烟生产的实际,日平均温度≤10℃或日最低温度≤4℃可作为评价烤烟幼苗根部受害的临界温度,而日平均温度≤0℃或日最低温度≤-6℃可作为评价烤烟幼苗地上部分受害的临界温度。（3）2011年3月发生的倒春寒过程对云南省西南部的景谷、镇康及云县等烟区未造成影响;对其余大部烟区烤烟生产的影响主要是对烤烟幼苗的根部造成了伤害;对东北部的昭通、镇雄两个烟区的烤烟生产影响较大,倒春寒天气过程期间的低温胁迫不仅对这两个烟区烤烟幼苗的根部造成了伤害,对烤烟幼苗的地上部分也造成了伤害。
倒春寒是影響雲南烤煙種植的一種災害性天氣過程。利用逐日的氣象觀測資料對2011年3月髮生在雲南的倒春寒天氣過程及其對烤煙生產的影響進行瞭分析。結果錶明：（1）2011年3月髮生的倒春寒是近5年同期雲南省影響範圍最大的倒春寒過程;全省共有57箇站點齣現倒春寒,主要分佈在雲南東北部、中部及東南部地區。（2）根據雲南烤煙生產的實際,日平均溫度≤10℃或日最低溫度≤4℃可作為評價烤煙幼苗根部受害的臨界溫度,而日平均溫度≤0℃或日最低溫度≤-6℃可作為評價烤煙幼苗地上部分受害的臨界溫度。（3）2011年3月髮生的倒春寒過程對雲南省西南部的景穀、鎮康及雲縣等煙區未造成影響;對其餘大部煙區烤煙生產的影響主要是對烤煙幼苗的根部造成瞭傷害;對東北部的昭通、鎮雄兩箇煙區的烤煙生產影響較大,倒春寒天氣過程期間的低溫脅迫不僅對這兩箇煙區烤煙幼苗的根部造成瞭傷害,對烤煙幼苗的地上部分也造成瞭傷害。
도춘한시영향운남고연충식적일충재해성천기과정。이용축일적기상관측자료대2011년3월발생재운남적도춘한천기과정급기대고연생산적영향진행료분석。결과표명：（1）2011년3월발생적도춘한시근5년동기운남성영향범위최대적도춘한과정;전성공유57개참점출현도춘한,주요분포재운남동북부、중부급동남부지구。（2）근거운남고연생산적실제,일평균온도≤10℃혹일최저온도≤4℃가작위평개고연유묘근부수해적림계온도,이일평균온도≤0℃혹일최저온도≤-6℃가작위평개고연유묘지상부분수해적림계온도。（3）2011년3월발생적도춘한과정대운남성서남부적경곡、진강급운현등연구미조성영향;대기여대부연구고연생산적영향주요시대고연유묘적근부조성료상해;대동북부적소통、진웅량개연구적고연생산영향교대,도춘한천기과정기간적저온협박불부대저량개연구고연유묘적근부조성료상해,대고연유묘적지상부분야조성료상해。
Late spring cold is a kind of disastrous weather process inspecting tobacco planting in yunnan province. The late spring cold of yunnan and its influence on tobacco is analyzed by using daily meteorological obser- vation data. The result showed that： （1） the late spring cold in March, 2011 was the widest in influence scope during the recent 5 years. There were 57 stations occurred late spring cold, and they mainly distributed in north- east, middle and southeast of Yunnan province. （2） According to the fact of tobaqco planting in yunnan prov- ince, daily average temperature ≤10℃ or daily minimum temperature ≤4℃ could be the critical temperature to evaluate the root of tobacco seedling was hurt or not. And daily average temperature ≤0℃ or daily mimum temperature ≤6℃ could be the critical temperature to evaluate the aerial part of tobacco seedling was hurt or not. （3） Tobacco in southwest tobacco growing areas in yunnan such as jinggu, zhenkang, and yunxian and so on were not influenced, but the root of tobacco in other tobacco growing areas were hurt during the Late spring cold in march, 2011. Especially the influence to tobacco in northeast tobacco growing areas such as zhaotong and zhenxiong was the most serious. Low Temperature Stress during the late spring cold injured not only the root but also the aerial part of tobacco in these two tobacco olantinz areas.
