CAJ | 학술논문

视网膜退行性病变影响着全世界数百万人。然而，视网膜是人体再生能力很差的一类组织，成年机体无法自我更新那些病变中丢失的视网膜细胞，导致视网膜退行性病变的不可逆性。因此，恢复患者视觉将依赖于引入外源细胞替代丢失的视网膜神经元。胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)具有无限的自我更新能力和形成机体所有类型细胞的巨大分化潜力。这两个特性使得ES细胞成为细胞替代疗法的理想供体细胞。近年来，人们在探索将ES和诱导多能干细胞（iPS细胞）体外定向诱导分化为视网膜神经元，甚至整个视网膜方面已取得多项进展，并且体外形成的视网膜细胞可以与宿主视网膜整合。在此篇综述中，首先简要概括哺乳动物视网膜的组织结构、发育过程和调控机制，然后，重点阐述近年来科研工作者探索ES/iPS细胞体外诱导分化为视网膜细胞和组织的研究进展。
시망막퇴행성병변영향착전세계수백만인。연이，시망막시인체재생능력흔차적일류조직，성년궤체무법자아경신나사병변중주실적시망막세포，도치시망막퇴행성병변적불가역성。인차，회복환자시각장의뢰우인입외원세포체대주실적시망막신경원。배태간세포(ES세포)구유무한적자아경신능력화형성궤체소유류형세포적거대분화잠력。저량개특성사득ES세포성위세포체대요법적이상공체세포。근년래，인문재탐색장ES화유도다능간세포（iPS세포）체외정향유도분화위시망막신경원，심지정개시망막방면이취득다항진전，병차체외형성적시망막세포가이여숙주시망막정합。재차편종술중，수선간요개괄포유동물시망막적조직결구、발육과정화조공궤제，연후，중점천술근년래과연공작자탐색ES/iPS세포체외유도분화위시망막세포화조직적연구진전。
Retinal degenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. However, retina in human has poor potential for regeneration to compensate for cell loss. Thus, cell replacement therapy is a promising strategy to ultimately cure retinal degenerative diseases. Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) are pluripotent cells and they can grow indefinitely and differentiate into derivatives of all three germ layers. These properties make ES cells promosing for cell replacement therapies. Nowadays, ES cells can be induced to differentiate into retinal cells, even the whole retinal tissue. Furthermore, ES derived retinal cells can integrate into host retina. In this review, we first briefly summarize the organizational structure, the development process and the regulatory mechanism of the mammalian retina, and then focus on the progress of differentiation of retinal cell and retinal tissue from ES and induced pluripotent stem cells.