中国农学通报
中國農學通報
중국농학통보
CHINESE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE BULLETIN
2013年
21期
109-115
,共7页
牛力立%赵佐敏%唐虹%冷云星%吴家丽%张领%张鹏
牛力立%趙佐敏%唐虹%冷雲星%吳傢麗%張領%張鵬
우력립%조좌민%당홍%랭운성%오가려%장령%장붕
黔中地区%覆膜盖土%马铃薯%商品薯产量%经济性状
黔中地區%覆膜蓋土%馬鈴藷%商品藷產量%經濟性狀
검중지구%복막개토%마령서%상품서산량%경제성상
central Guizhou%plastic film mulching and soil covering%potato%marketable tuber yield%economic characters
为了探索覆膜盖土栽培对黔中地区马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响，以‘宣薯2号’为材料，研究了不同大小的整薯、不同膜色和盖土方式对土壤温度、湿度、出苗天数、马铃薯商品薯产量及经济性状的影响。结果表明：黔中地区覆白膜和白膜盖土栽培在出苗前、苗期具有增温保湿的效果，土壤温度比对照高0.42~6.84℃，湿度比对照提高1.64%~18.95%，出苗快、成熟早；中后期覆膜盖土栽培能有效降低土层湿度和温度，特别是成熟期土层湿度比对照降低了5.93%~6.4%，有效降低了烂薯率，商品薯产量比对照增产25.96%；采用30 g左右小薯能大幅度降低种薯用量，降低生产成本，取得最大经济效益。因此，采用小薯覆白膜盖土栽培能有效的提高马铃薯商品薯产量，经济效益最高。
為瞭探索覆膜蓋土栽培對黔中地區馬鈴藷商品藷產量及經濟性狀的影響，以‘宣藷2號’為材料，研究瞭不同大小的整藷、不同膜色和蓋土方式對土壤溫度、濕度、齣苗天數、馬鈴藷商品藷產量及經濟性狀的影響。結果錶明：黔中地區覆白膜和白膜蓋土栽培在齣苗前、苗期具有增溫保濕的效果，土壤溫度比對照高0.42~6.84℃，濕度比對照提高1.64%~18.95%，齣苗快、成熟早；中後期覆膜蓋土栽培能有效降低土層濕度和溫度，特彆是成熟期土層濕度比對照降低瞭5.93%~6.4%，有效降低瞭爛藷率，商品藷產量比對照增產25.96%；採用30 g左右小藷能大幅度降低種藷用量，降低生產成本，取得最大經濟效益。因此，採用小藷覆白膜蓋土栽培能有效的提高馬鈴藷商品藷產量，經濟效益最高。
위료탐색복막개토재배대검중지구마령서상품서산량급경제성상적영향，이‘선서2호’위재료，연구료불동대소적정서、불동막색화개토방식대토양온도、습도、출묘천수、마령서상품서산량급경제성상적영향。결과표명：검중지구복백막화백막개토재배재출묘전、묘기구유증온보습적효과，토양온도비대조고0.42~6.84℃，습도비대조제고1.64%~18.95%，출묘쾌、성숙조；중후기복막개토재배능유효강저토층습도화온도，특별시성숙기토층습도비대조강저료5.93%~6.4%，유효강저료란서솔，상품서산량비대조증산25.96%；채용30 g좌우소서능대폭도강저충서용량，강저생산성본，취득최대경제효익。인차，채용소서복백막개토재배능유효적제고마령서상품서산량，경제효익최고。
In order to explore the influence of the film mulching and soil covering cultivation to the commercial potato yield and economic characters in central Guizhou Province, this experiment used‘Xuanshu 2’as the material, studied the influence of the different size potato, the different color of the film and the type of soil covering to the soil warm, the humidity, the number of days of seeding emergence, the commercial potato yield and economic characters. The results indicated that, the film mulching and soil covering cultivation turned out to be useful for temperature-increasing and moisturizing before and during seedling emergence in central Guizhou Province, the soil temperature ratio compared high 0.42-6.84℃ , the humidity enhanced 1.64%-18.95%, emerges and maturing quickly. Mid and late seedling emergence could reduce the soil layer humidity and the temperature effectively, specially soil layer humidity reduced 5.93%-6.4% in the mature period, reduced the rotten potato rate effectively, the commercial potato productive ratio comparison increased 25.96%. Using about 30 g the small potato could reduce the seed tuber amount used, reduce the production cost, obtain the maximum economic efficiency. Therefore, using small potato with the white film mulching and soil covering cultivation can effective enhance the commercial potato yield, the economic efficiency is the highest.
