CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]通过对紫色土长期定位施肥下不同施肥处理0～20cm耕层土壤微形态特征变化的研究，探讨施肥对紫色土微形态的影响。[方法]试验采用随机区组设计，共设8个不同施肥处理。用单偏光显微镜对不同处理的0～20cm耕层土壤微形态进行观察与分析。[结果]长期不施肥料的CK处理，土壤耕层结构致密，很少有孔隙发育，土壤微结构为结构较差的碎屑聚积状一沙粒聚积状；长期单施化学肥料，土壤颗粒未形成结构体，少孔隙，土壤微结构主要为斑品胶凝状一细沙粒聚积状结构，土壤结构比CK处理优；长期施用有机肥或有机无机肥料配施的处理，土壤粗颗粒数量显著增加，结构疏松，孔隙量大，动、植物残体丰富，有铁锰结核和腐殖质的形成和微团聚体的发育，土壤微结构类型以MNPK处理（有机肥＋氮肥＋磷肥＋钾肥）最好，为胶凝紧实状一多孔状结构。[结论]有机无机肥料配施能显著改良紫色土的结构，培肥土壤，实现土壤可持续发展。
[목적]통과대자색토장기정위시비하불동시비처리0～20cm경층토양미형태특정변화적연구，탐토시비대자색토미형태적영향。[방법]시험채용수궤구조설계，공설8개불동시비처리。용단편광현미경대불동처리적0～20cm경층토양미형태진행관찰여분석。[결과]장기불시비료적CK처리，토양경층결구치밀，흔소유공극발육，토양미결구위결구교차적쇄설취적상일사립취적상；장기단시화학비료，토양과립미형성결구체，소공극，토양미결구주요위반품효응상일세사립취적상결구，토양결구비CK처리우；장기시용유궤비혹유궤무궤비료배시적처리，토양조과립수량현저증가，결구소송，공극량대，동、식물잔체봉부，유철맹결핵화부식질적형성화미단취체적발육，토양미결구류형이MNPK처리（유궤비＋담비＋린비＋갑비）최호，위효응긴실상일다공상결구。[결론]유궤무궤비료배시능현저개량자색토적결구，배비토양，실현토양가지속발전。
[Objective] The study aimed to better understand the effect of different fertilizer treatments on micro-morphological characteristics of a purple soil at the 0-20 cm topsoil in a long-term fertilizer experiment. [Method] Soil micro-morphology was observed and analyzed under a single polarizing microscope. [Result] For the CK （no fertilizer） treatment, soil structure was dense with little porosity developed. Its soil microstructure was poor, sandy fabric-granular fabric. After continuously applied chemical fertilizers only for more than two decades, the soil particles did not evolve into soil structures and formed little porosity. The microstructures of soil in N, NP and NPK treatments were porphyroskelic fabric-fine sandy granular fabric, better than that of the soil in CK treatment. Adding manure obviously improved the quantity of groundmass and endowed the soil a loose structure and plenty porosity, enriched animal and plant residues, and well-formed iron-manganese nodules and humus ma- terials, all resulting in better micro-aggregates development. The type of soil microstructures in MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best among all the treatments. [Conclusion] Combined application of both or- ganic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly improve the structure of the purple soil, enhance soil fertility and achieve soil sustainable development.