工业工程
工業工程
공업공정
INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
2014年
1期
80-86
,共7页
安全库存%库存持有成本%中间商%准时交货率
安全庫存%庫存持有成本%中間商%準時交貨率
안전고존%고존지유성본%중간상%준시교화솔
safety stock%inventory carrying cost%middleman%on-time delivery rate
电脑供应链中的各种不确定因素使得非核心零部件中间商经常需要依靠大量备货或加急生产来满足客户需求。而当非核心零部件中间商不愿为此备货时，交货延迟的发生比例不可避免地会较高。针对此问题，本文提出了一种基于安全库存策略的提高订单及时率减少交货延迟的方法。此方法首先对电脑生产商的需求量进行估计，在综合考虑影响订单及时率的各类确定性和随机性因素的条件下，推导得到最优安全库存因子；然后，根据电脑生产商需求估计量与安全库存因子，计算出安全库存，如果电脑生产商需求量小于安全库存量，则使用安全库存直接交货，否则，向供应商追加订货后一并交货；最后，给出了该方法的年平均库存衡量公式。实证计算结果表明，与传统的面向订单生产方法（ MTO）相比，本文方法可以使电脑零部件中间商的库存周转速度加快5～6倍，单位库存持有成本降至原来的14％，订单交货准时率提升至80％左右。
電腦供應鏈中的各種不確定因素使得非覈心零部件中間商經常需要依靠大量備貨或加急生產來滿足客戶需求。而噹非覈心零部件中間商不願為此備貨時，交貨延遲的髮生比例不可避免地會較高。針對此問題，本文提齣瞭一種基于安全庫存策略的提高訂單及時率減少交貨延遲的方法。此方法首先對電腦生產商的需求量進行估計，在綜閤攷慮影響訂單及時率的各類確定性和隨機性因素的條件下，推導得到最優安全庫存因子；然後，根據電腦生產商需求估計量與安全庫存因子，計算齣安全庫存，如果電腦生產商需求量小于安全庫存量，則使用安全庫存直接交貨，否則，嚮供應商追加訂貨後一併交貨；最後，給齣瞭該方法的年平均庫存衡量公式。實證計算結果錶明，與傳統的麵嚮訂單生產方法（ MTO）相比，本文方法可以使電腦零部件中間商的庫存週轉速度加快5～6倍，單位庫存持有成本降至原來的14％，訂單交貨準時率提升至80％左右。
전뇌공응련중적각충불학정인소사득비핵심령부건중간상경상수요의고대량비화혹가급생산래만족객호수구。이당비핵심령부건중간상불원위차비화시，교화연지적발생비례불가피면지회교고。침대차문제，본문제출료일충기우안전고존책략적제고정단급시솔감소교화연지적방법。차방법수선대전뇌생산상적수구량진행고계，재종합고필영향정단급시솔적각류학정성화수궤성인소적조건하，추도득도최우안전고존인자；연후，근거전뇌생산상수구고계량여안전고존인자，계산출안전고존，여과전뇌생산상수구량소우안전고존량，칙사용안전고존직접교화，부칙，향공응상추가정화후일병교화；최후，급출료해방법적년평균고존형량공식。실증계산결과표명，여전통적면향정단생산방법（ MTO）상비，본문방법가이사전뇌령부건중간상적고존주전속도가쾌5～6배，단위고존지유성본강지원래적14％，정단교화준시솔제승지80％좌우。
To meet the requirements of clients , dealers producing non-core parts of computers frequently depend on vast inventories or overtime production , which has presented a problem from potential uncertain-ties in the supply chains of computer production .Furthermore, the on-time delivery rate (ODR) inevitably ascends when the dealers for non-core parts are out of stock .To decrease uncertainties of the supply chain for computers parts production , an innovative method is proposed to improve on-time delivery rate, based on the safety stock (SS) strategy.Firstly, with the consideration of imaginable certainties and uncertain-ties, the demand of new computers is calculated for the optimal safety stock factor by means of mathemati -cal deduction .Then, the quantity of safety stock is available with the safety stock factor and the demand for computers.If the demand for computers is lower than the quantity of safety stock , the demand can be immediately met , or additional parts of computers should be produced by the suppliers before the delivery . Eventually , an annual average stock formula is demonstrated considering the uncertainty in demand estima -tion.In an empirical analysis , comparing with MTO ( make-to-order ) method, the new method can in-crease stock turnover velocity five or six times higher than in the past .Additionally , the unit inventory car-rying cost will reduce by 14%and the on-time delivery rate increase by approximately 80%.
