生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
5期
780-786
,共7页
吕刚%顾宇书%魏忠平%刘红民%韩友志%高英旭
呂剛%顧宇書%魏忠平%劉紅民%韓友誌%高英旭
려강%고우서%위충평%류홍민%한우지%고영욱
土壤入渗%土壤水文%水源涵养%主成分分析%白石砬子
土壤入滲%土壤水文%水源涵養%主成分分析%白石砬子
토양입삼%토양수문%수원함양%주성분분석%백석립자
soil infiltration%soil hydrology%water conservation functions%principal component analysis%baishilazi
为了深入研究辽东山区森林土壤的水源涵养功能，以白石砬子自然保护区内的6种主要植被类型下土壤为研究对象，采用野外双环试验和室内理化性质分析相结合的方法，研究了不同植被类型下土壤入渗能力及其与理化性质的关系。结果表明，不同植被类型土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量均表现为下层低于上层，最大值是最小值的近3倍；不同植被类型间土壤入渗能力差异较大，其中A层初渗率排列顺序为原生红松阔叶混交林>红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>农地>蒙古栎林>杂木林，B层初渗率排列顺序为鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>农地>杂木林>红松人工林>原生红松阔叶混交林>蒙古栎林，A层稳渗率排列顺序为红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>原生红松阔叶混交林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地，B层稳渗率以杂木林最大，为3.8 mm?min-1，原生红松阔叶混交林最小，仅为1.1 mm?min-1，其他4种植被类型土壤稳渗率几乎无差异，A层平均入渗率排列顺序为红松人工林>原生红松阔叶混交林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地，B层平均入渗率排列顺序为杂木林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>红松人工林>蒙古栎林>农地>原生红松阔叶混交林，A层的渗透总量以红松阔叶混交林和红松人工林最大，蒙古栎林和农地相对较低，B层的渗透总量以杂木林最大，红松阔叶混交林最小；主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序为红松人工林>鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林>原生红松阔叶混交林>杂木林>蒙古栎林>农地，初渗率、稳渗率、平均入渗率和渗透总量等4个指标综合起来能够很好的表达土壤入渗能力，其主成分方差的累积贡献率为90.662%；不同层次土壤入渗速率与入渗时间均存在良好的幂函数关系；土壤的稳渗率、平均入渗率、渗透总量与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关关系，初渗率与非毛管孔隙存在相关性，但不显著。与容重存在负相关关系，但不显著。
為瞭深入研究遼東山區森林土壤的水源涵養功能，以白石砬子自然保護區內的6種主要植被類型下土壤為研究對象，採用野外雙環試驗和室內理化性質分析相結閤的方法，研究瞭不同植被類型下土壤入滲能力及其與理化性質的關繫。結果錶明，不同植被類型土壤的初滲率、穩滲率、平均入滲率、滲透總量均錶現為下層低于上層，最大值是最小值的近3倍；不同植被類型間土壤入滲能力差異較大，其中A層初滲率排列順序為原生紅鬆闊葉混交林>紅鬆人工林>魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>農地>矇古櫟林>雜木林，B層初滲率排列順序為魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>農地>雜木林>紅鬆人工林>原生紅鬆闊葉混交林>矇古櫟林，A層穩滲率排列順序為紅鬆人工林>魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>原生紅鬆闊葉混交林>雜木林>矇古櫟林>農地，B層穩滲率以雜木林最大，為3.8 mm?min-1，原生紅鬆闊葉混交林最小，僅為1.1 mm?min-1，其他4種植被類型土壤穩滲率幾乎無差異，A層平均入滲率排列順序為紅鬆人工林>原生紅鬆闊葉混交林>魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>雜木林>矇古櫟林>農地，B層平均入滲率排列順序為雜木林>魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>紅鬆人工林>矇古櫟林>農地>原生紅鬆闊葉混交林，A層的滲透總量以紅鬆闊葉混交林和紅鬆人工林最大，矇古櫟林和農地相對較低，B層的滲透總量以雜木林最大，紅鬆闊葉混交林最小；主成分分析評價的土壤入滲能力排序為紅鬆人工林>魚鱗雲杉臭冷杉林>原生紅鬆闊葉混交林>雜木林>矇古櫟林>農地，初滲率、穩滲率、平均入滲率和滲透總量等4箇指標綜閤起來能夠很好的錶達土壤入滲能力，其主成分方差的纍積貢獻率為90.662%；不同層次土壤入滲速率與入滲時間均存在良好的冪函數關繫；土壤的穩滲率、平均入滲率、滲透總量與非毛管孔隙度呈顯著正相關關繫，初滲率與非毛管孔隙存在相關性，但不顯著。與容重存在負相關關繫，但不顯著。
위료심입연구료동산구삼림토양적수원함양공능，이백석립자자연보호구내적6충주요식피류형하토양위연구대상，채용야외쌍배시험화실내이화성질분석상결합적방법，연구료불동식피류형하토양입삼능력급기여이화성질적관계。결과표명，불동식피류형토양적초삼솔、은삼솔、평균입삼솔、삼투총량균표현위하층저우상층，최대치시최소치적근3배；불동식피류형간토양입삼능력차이교대，기중A층초삼솔배렬순서위원생홍송활협혼교림>홍송인공림>어린운삼취랭삼림>농지>몽고력림>잡목림，B층초삼솔배렬순서위어린운삼취랭삼림>농지>잡목림>홍송인공림>원생홍송활협혼교림>몽고력림，A층은삼솔배렬순서위홍송인공림>어린운삼취랭삼림>원생홍송활협혼교림>잡목림>몽고력림>농지，B층은삼솔이잡목림최대，위3.8 mm?min-1，원생홍송활협혼교림최소，부위1.1 mm?min-1，기타4충식피류형토양은삼솔궤호무차이，A층평균입삼솔배렬순서위홍송인공림>원생홍송활협혼교림>어린운삼취랭삼림>잡목림>몽고력림>농지，B층평균입삼솔배렬순서위잡목림>어린운삼취랭삼림>홍송인공림>몽고력림>농지>원생홍송활협혼교림，A층적삼투총량이홍송활협혼교림화홍송인공림최대，몽고력림화농지상대교저，B층적삼투총량이잡목림최대，홍송활협혼교림최소；주성분분석평개적토양입삼능력배서위홍송인공림>어린운삼취랭삼림>원생홍송활협혼교림>잡목림>몽고력림>농지，초삼솔、은삼솔、평균입삼솔화삼투총량등4개지표종합기래능구흔호적표체토양입삼능력，기주성분방차적루적공헌솔위90.662%；불동층차토양입삼속솔여입삼시간균존재량호적멱함수관계；토양적은삼솔、평균입삼솔、삼투총량여비모관공극도정현저정상관관계，초삼솔여비모관공극존재상관성，단불현저。여용중존재부상관관계，단불현저。
Choosing 6 different typical vegetation soil in the Baishilazi Nature Reserve as research objection, in order to study the soil water conservation of Liaodong mountainous forest. Using bicyclic experiment in the field and analysis the physical and chemical properties in laboratory to study the soil infiltration capacity under different vegetation types and the relationship with the physical and chemical properties. The results show that: the initial infiltration rate of the soil, the infiltration rate, the average infiltration rate, and the total permeability in different vegetation types performance underlying lower than the upper, the maximum is about 3 times than the minimum; The soil infiltration capacity were large differences in different vegetation types, where initial infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest>Korean pine plantation>Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Agricultural land>Mongolian oak forest>Shaw, while in order of Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Agricultural land>Shaw>Korean pine plantation>Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest>Mongolian oak forest in B layer. The steady infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Korean pine plantation>Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest>Shaw>Mongolian oak forest>Agricultural land, but in the B layer, the Shaw’s steady infiltration rate was maximum, the size was 3.8 mm?min-1, while it was the minimum of Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest, the size was only 1.1 mm?min-1, and the steady infiltration rate were almost no difference between other four vegetation types. The average initial infiltration rate in A layer were in the order of Korean pine plantation>Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest>Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Shaw>Mongolian oak forest>Agricultural land, while it was in order of Shaw>Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Korean pine plantation>Mongolian oak forest >Agricultural land>Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest in B layer. The maximum of total penetration in A layer were Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest and Korean pine plantation, and it were relatively low of Mongolian oak forest and Agricultural land, but it was maximum of Shaw and the maximum was of Korean pine plantation in B layer. Using principal component analysis method to evaluate the soil infiltration capacity, the order express Korean pine plantation>Smelly scale spruce-fir forest>Native Korean pine and broad-leaved mixed forest>Shaw>Mongolian oak forest>Agricultural land. Using the four indicators, initial infiltration rate, the steady infiltration rate, average infiltration rate and total penetration together could be a good expression of the soil infiltration capacity, and its main component the cumulative variance contribution rate of 90.662%; there is a good power function relationship between soil infiltration rate and infiltration time of the different levels; there was a significant positive correlation between the total non-capillary porosity and the infiltration rate of the soil, the average infiltration rate, the total penetration; there is a relationship between Initial infiltration rate and non-capillary porosity, but not significant; it is negatively correlated with bulk density, but not significantly.
