CAJ | 학술논문

针对全国烟稻轮作区稻田除草剂残留对下茬烟草生产造成严重药害的状况，通过室内初筛和大田试验研究了4种稻田常用除草剂对烟草生长的致畸剂量、药害症状和生理活性的影响。试验结果表明：二氯喹啉酸对烟草畸形症状随着剂量增加呈现明显梯度变化，株高、叶长、叶宽均有影响，对叶宽影响尤为明显，致畸剂量为2×10-3 mg/kg；苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆对烟草叶长、叶宽影响较小，对株高影响严重，致畸剂量为0.5×10-3 mg/kg；氰氟草酯按照水稻推荐剂量的16倍用药，对株高、叶长、叶宽的抑制率较小。由于二氯喹啉酸、苄嘧磺隆和吡嘧磺隆对烟草根系抑制严重，根鲜重、根系活力和根系阳离子交换量随施药浓度加大，抑制逐步增强。建议烟田前茬烟田前茬应尽量避免使用二氯喹啉酸和磺酰脲类除草剂。
침대전국연도륜작구도전제초제잔류대하치연초생산조성엄중약해적상황，통과실내초사화대전시험연구료4충도전상용제초제대연초생장적치기제량、약해증상화생리활성적영향。시험결과표명：이록규람산대연초기형증상수착제량증가정현명현제도변화，주고、협장、협관균유영향，대협관영향우위명현，치기제량위2×10-3 mg/kg；변밀광륭화필밀광륭대연초협장、협관영향교소，대주고영향엄중，치기제량위0.5×10-3 mg/kg；청불초지안조수도추천제량적16배용약，대주고、협장、협관적억제솔교소。유우이록규람산、변밀광륭화필밀광륭대연초근계억제엄중，근선중、근계활력화근계양리자교환량수시약농도가대，억제축보증강。건의연전전치연전전치응진량피면사용이록규람산화광선뇨류제초제。
Effects of 4 kinds of paddy herbicides on teratogenic dosage, phytotoxicity symptoms, and biological activity of tobacco growth were studied by indoor initial screen and field experiments. Results showed that quinclorac affected height, leaf length and especially leaf width of tobacco plant, whose teratogenic dosage was 2×10-3mg/kg. Bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron had little effect on leaf length and width, but had significant effect on plant height, whose teratogenic dosages were both 0.5×10-3mg/kg. Cyhalofop-butyl had little effect on plant height, leaf length and width, even when the dosage was 16 times of that used in paddy field. Due to the inhibition of quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and pyrazosulfuron on tobacco root system, which caused the changes of physiological indices such as roots activity and cation exchange capacity, the greater the spraying concentration, the greater the inhibition effects to tobacco. Therefore, field application of quinclorac and sulfonylurea herbicides should be avoided prior to tobacco cultivation.