CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解农村婴幼儿母乳喂养及辅食添加现状及影响因素，为进一步实施科学喂养、科学育儿，提高儿童健康水平提供科学依据。方法自拟调查问卷，随机抽取南郑县10个乡镇1000名1周岁婴幼儿母亲进行现场问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果母乳喂养率88．6％，6个月纯母乳喂养率31．2％，初乳喂养率66．3％，早开奶喂养率54．9％，其中部分农村母亲受家里老人观念的影响挤掉初乳占55％，母亲自认为奶水不足占48．8％，认为母乳营养不够该添加辅食了占51．2％，满4～6个月添加辅食率63．4％，满6个月以上添加辅食率仅占22．8％，添加辅食的种类以稀粥、菜汁、水果汁占的比例最大，为62．2％，而添加蛋黄比例为45．9％，动物类（肉、肝、鱼类）仅占5．9％。没有坚持母乳喂养的母亲主要是自认为母乳不足而过早加辅食；初乳挤掉主要是母亲认识不够，受旧观念影响；不添加动物类食物的母亲主要是认为孩子1岁以后才能消化。结论初乳喂养率、早期开奶率、6个月纯母乳喂养率及满6个月添加辅食率均偏低，辅食添加不合理且种类单一，动物性食物摄入严重不足；应加强妇幼保健、产儿科人员及婴幼儿母亲的培训，以更新相关知识及技能。
목적：료해농촌영유인모유위양급보식첨가현상급영향인소，위진일보실시과학위양、과학육인，제고인동건강수평제공과학의거。방법자의조사문권，수궤추취남정현10개향진1000명1주세영유인모친진행현장문권조사，병대수거진행분석。결과모유위양솔88．6％，6개월순모유위양솔31．2％，초유위양솔66．3％，조개내위양솔54．9％，기중부분농촌모친수가리노인관념적영향제도초유점55％，모친자인위내수불족점48．8％，인위모유영양불구해첨가보식료점51．2％，만4～6개월첨가보식솔63．4％，만6개월이상첨가보식솔부점22．8％，첨가보식적충류이희죽、채즙、수과즙점적비례최대，위62．2％，이첨가단황비례위45．9％，동물류（육、간、어류）부점5．9％。몰유견지모유위양적모친주요시자인위모유불족이과조가보식；초유제도주요시모친인식불구，수구관념영향；불첨가동물류식물적모친주요시인위해자1세이후재능소화。결론초유위양솔、조기개내솔、6개월순모유위양솔급만6개월첨가보식솔균편저，보식첨가불합리차충류단일，동물성식물섭입엄중불족；응가강부유보건、산인과인원급영유인모친적배훈，이경신상관지식급기능。
Objective To know the current situation of breastfeeding and complementary feeding of rural infants and its influencing factors , so as to provide basis for further implementation of scientific feeding , scientific child-raising and child health improving .Methods The questionnaires were made by investigators according to program requirements .The samples were 1 000 one-year infant ’ s mothers who were randomly selected from 10 villages and towns in Nanzheng County .The survey was conducted on spot among these mothers and the data recorded were analyzed .Results The breastfeeding rate was 88.6%, the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for six months was 31.2%, colostrums feeding rate was 66.3%, and early milk feeding rate was 54.9%.Rural mothers who were affected by the concept of elder family members and squeezing out colostrums accounted for 55%.Totally 48.8% of the mothers thought that they couldn ’ t produce adequate milk.And 51.2%mothers considered that infants ’ supplementary food should be added to make up the nutrient deficiencies of breast milk.The rate of complementary feeding among the infants aged 4-6 months was 63.4%, and that among the infants more than 6 months was only 22.8%.Porridge, vegetable juice and fruit juice took highest proportion (62.2%) in main complementary food, while yolk took 45.9%and animal meat (meat, liver, and fish) accounted for only 5.9%.Mothers who did not insist on breastfeeding thought that breast milk was deficient and added complementary feeding too early .Mothers who squeezed colostrums were affected by outdated ideas.And mothers did not add animal meat considered that the infants could not digest meat until 1 year old.Conclusion Colostrums feeding rate, early milk feeding rate, rate of exclusive breastfeeding for six months and the rate of complementary feeding at 6 month are all relatively low .Complementary feeding is simple in types and imbalanced , and there is a sharp shortage in animal meat taking .Therefore , the training for health workers , pediatric personnel and mothers should be strengthened so as to update the relevant knowledge and skills .