草原与草坪
草原與草坪
초원여초평
GRASSLAND AND TURF
2013年
5期
72-77,80
,共7页
高尔夫场%果岭%根层基质%导水率%土壤淋洗
高爾伕場%果嶺%根層基質%導水率%土壤淋洗
고이부장%과령%근층기질%도수솔%토양림세
golf course%putting green%root zone%saturated water conductivity%salinity%leaching
土壤盐渍化是草坪管理中危害草坪草健康的严重问题。盐渍化是由于灌溉用的再生水等非传统水源常含有较高的盐分。在土壤可交换钠累积高的情况下,用雨水或者清水灌溉会导致土壤颗粒分散,降低土壤水分入渗与渗透。试验目的为：研究灌溉用水中的盐分组成对高尔夫果岭根层基质及根基系统的饱和导水率(Ksat)的影响。试验对粘土(Fargo,North Dakota,USA),粘壤土(Garick Corp., Cleveland,OH)和泥炭/砂混合物(Dakota Peat,North Dakota,USA)(90/10 v/v),其在3种根层的基质建筑系统40 cm深自然型果岭,USGA标准的泥炭/砂基果岭的30 cm根层和10 cm砾石层和加利福尼亚标准果岭的40 cm深泥炭/砂根层进行了测定。材料经过5个钠吸附率水平(SARw)(0,2.5,5.0,15.0,and ∞)溶液的淋洗预处理或灌溉后测定了饱和导水率。除SARw 0外,所有溶液的导电度(ECw )都为11.0 dS/m。结果表明：使用SARw>5的溶液灌溉淋洗易导致粘土和粘壤土发生较严重的土壤颗粒分散。实验室测定虽然可以估测土壤分散的严重程度,但还需进一步的研究来量化土壤有机物含量和粘土矿物组成对其影响。总之,用于加利福尼亚和 USGA 标准果岭根层的泥炭/砂混合物不易产生由含盐灌溉水源导致的土壤结构分散及饱和导水率降低。
土壤鹽漬化是草坪管理中危害草坪草健康的嚴重問題。鹽漬化是由于灌溉用的再生水等非傳統水源常含有較高的鹽分。在土壤可交換鈉纍積高的情況下,用雨水或者清水灌溉會導緻土壤顆粒分散,降低土壤水分入滲與滲透。試驗目的為：研究灌溉用水中的鹽分組成對高爾伕果嶺根層基質及根基繫統的飽和導水率(Ksat)的影響。試驗對粘土(Fargo,North Dakota,USA),粘壤土(Garick Corp., Cleveland,OH)和泥炭/砂混閤物(Dakota Peat,North Dakota,USA)(90/10 v/v),其在3種根層的基質建築繫統40 cm深自然型果嶺,USGA標準的泥炭/砂基果嶺的30 cm根層和10 cm礫石層和加利福尼亞標準果嶺的40 cm深泥炭/砂根層進行瞭測定。材料經過5箇鈉吸附率水平(SARw)(0,2.5,5.0,15.0,and ∞)溶液的淋洗預處理或灌溉後測定瞭飽和導水率。除SARw 0外,所有溶液的導電度(ECw )都為11.0 dS/m。結果錶明：使用SARw>5的溶液灌溉淋洗易導緻粘土和粘壤土髮生較嚴重的土壤顆粒分散。實驗室測定雖然可以估測土壤分散的嚴重程度,但還需進一步的研究來量化土壤有機物含量和粘土礦物組成對其影響。總之,用于加利福尼亞和 USGA 標準果嶺根層的泥炭/砂混閤物不易產生由含鹽灌溉水源導緻的土壤結構分散及飽和導水率降低。
토양염지화시초평관리중위해초평초건강적엄중문제。염지화시유우관개용적재생수등비전통수원상함유교고적염분。재토양가교환납루적고적정황하,용우수혹자청수관개회도치토양과립분산,강저토양수분입삼여삼투。시험목적위：연구관개용수중적염분조성대고이부과령근층기질급근기계통적포화도수솔(Ksat)적영향。시험대점토(Fargo,North Dakota,USA),점양토(Garick Corp., Cleveland,OH)화니탄/사혼합물(Dakota Peat,North Dakota,USA)(90/10 v/v),기재3충근층적기질건축계통40 cm심자연형과령,USGA표준적니탄/사기과령적30 cm근층화10 cm력석층화가리복니아표준과령적40 cm심니탄/사근층진행료측정。재료경과5개납흡부솔수평(SARw)(0,2.5,5.0,15.0,and ∞)용액적림세예처리혹관개후측정료포화도수솔。제SARw 0외,소유용액적도전도(ECw )도위11.0 dS/m。결과표명：사용SARw>5적용액관개림세역도치점토화점양토발생교엄중적토양과립분산。실험실측정수연가이고측토양분산적엄중정도,단환수진일보적연구래양화토양유궤물함량화점토광물조성대기영향。총지,용우가리복니아화 USGA 표준과령근층적니탄/사혼합물불역산생유함염관개수원도치적토양결구분산급포화도수솔강저。
Soil salinization is a maj or problem threatening turfgrass management.Alternative water sources such as recycled water (RW)usually have elevated salt content.With high exchangeable sodium in soil,rain or irrigation with fresh water can cause soil dispersion,and thus reduce water infiltration and permeability.The ob-j ective of this study was to determine the effect of salt composition in irrigation water on saturated water con-ductivity (Ksat)of putting green root zone materials and constructions.Three root zone materials,clay (Fargo, North Dakota,USA),clay loam (Garick Corp.,Cleveland,OH),and sand/peat mixture (Dakota Peat,North Dakota,USA)(90/10 v/v)were tested alone,as well as tested in different root zone construction,i.e.soil push-up green (40 cm deep),sand/peat mixtures in USGA-putting green style (30 cm of root zone over 10 cm gravel) and California putting green style (40 cm deep).Saturated water conductivity was determined after the root zone materials and construction were leached with water of five levels of SARw(0,2.5,5.0,15.0,and ∞).All except the SARw 0 had an ECw of 1 1 .0 dS/m.The results showed severe soil dispersion may happen when SARw of leaching water is greater 5 for clay and clay loam.A laboratory test may predict the severity of dispersion but further study is needed to quantify the effect of soil organic matter (OM)and clay mineralogy.Generally,sand/peat mixtures used in root zones of either California or USGA putting green style is not vulnerable to dispersion by salt in irrigation water.
