CAJ | 학술논문

华南红壤区是我国发生潜在水土流失危害的重点区域之一，红壤坡地的水土流失现象较为严重。华南红壤地区气候温暖，雨量丰沛，降雨特点通常表现为强度大、历时长，暴雨或大暴雨事件频发，因此暴雨驱动因子影响作用更为显著，研究探讨华南红壤坡面侵蚀过程及动力特征有着重要的现实意义。通过室内35场不同雨强（30、60、90、120、180、210、270 mm·h-1）、不同坡度（5°、10°、15°、20°、25°）的人工模拟降雨试验，研究了华南红壤侵蚀的水动力学机制。主要取得以下研究结果：（1）红壤坡面侵蚀水流的流态大部分均处于“层流-缓流区”，除平均流速随着模拟雨强的增加而增加外，其他水动力参数（坡面侵蚀水流的阻力、曼宁糙率、径流剪切力、以及水流功）均会受到雨强和坡度改变的影响，但是不呈现特定的函数关系，规律不明显；（2）从水动力学角度解析了红壤坡面水蚀过程，得出了相对水深和曼宁糙率系数两种水动力因子共同组成的复合水动力特征参数，可作为表征不同雨强及坡度下的坡面水蚀侵蚀产沙的特征水动力参数指标。
화남홍양구시아국발생잠재수토류실위해적중점구역지일，홍양파지적수토류실현상교위엄중。화남홍양지구기후온난，우량봉패，강우특점통상표현위강도대、력시장，폭우혹대폭우사건빈발，인차폭우구동인자영향작용경위현저，연구탐토화남홍양파면침식과정급동력특정유착중요적현실의의。통과실내35장불동우강（30、60、90、120、180、210、270 mm·h-1）、불동파도（5°、10°、15°、20°、25°）적인공모의강우시험，연구료화남홍양침식적수동역학궤제。주요취득이하연구결과：（1）홍양파면침식수류적류태대부분균처우“층류-완류구”，제평균류속수착모의우강적증가이증가외，기타수동력삼수（파면침식수류적조력、만저조솔、경류전절력、이급수류공）균회수도우강화파도개변적영향，단시불정현특정적함수관계，규률불명현；（2）종수동역학각도해석료홍양파면수식과정，득출료상대수심화만저조솔계수량충수동력인자공동조성적복합수동력특정삼수，가작위표정불동우강급파도하적파면수식침식산사적특정수동력삼수지표。
In China, there is another potential heavy erosion area of china is red soil slope land in south China except loess slope. There is soil erosion potential danger due to heavy storm rainfall affairs often occur in red soil slope land in south China. It is very important to study mechanism of flow hydraulics on red soil slope in such area. This study used simulated rainfall method to investigate the interactive influence by soil slope gradient(5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°)and rainfall intensity(30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 270 mm?h-1) on red soil erosion processes and flow hydraulics. The results show that:(1) the most treatments were shown erosion flow regimes usually indicated in sub-critical laminar flow and a little indicated in super-critical laminar (Except for two treatments:5° slope gradient and 120mm/h rainfall intensity;20° slope gradient and 270mm/h rainfall intensity). Except for average flow velocity increased as simulated rainfall intensity increased, the other flow hydraulics, such as Manning roughness coefficient, Manning roughness coefficient, Shear stress, and Steam power can impacted by rainfall intensity and slope gradient, but cannot fitted by a simple function. (2) The rate of Manning roughness coefficient (n/h) is a better hydraulic parameter indicator for predicting the sediment load in red soil slope erosion.