生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
9期
1544-1549
,共6页
汉江流域%侵蚀性降雨%暴雨%时空变化
漢江流域%侵蝕性降雨%暴雨%時空變化
한강류역%침식성강우%폭우%시공변화
the Han River basin%erosive precipitation%rainstorm%spatial-temporal variation
汉江流域是水土流失与洪涝灾害严重的地区。侵蚀性降雨是剧烈土壤水蚀的原动力，是洪涝灾害的直接致灾因子，因此对汉江流域侵蚀性降雨特征的研究具有重要的实践意义。利用汉江流域及其附近地区47个站点逐日降雨观测资料，采用常规统计学方法计算研究区逐年年降雨量、侵蚀性降雨量以及暴雨量平均值，进而得到降雨特征值逐年距平百分率及变异系数(Cv)，分析了这3个将于特征值之间的相互关系，揭示了汉江流域降雨的时间变化特征。借助于地理信息系统技术，将汉江流域逐年降雨特征值在ARCGIS里采用Kriging方法进行空间插值，得到年均降雨特征值的空间分布，分析了研究区3个降雨特征值的空间分布特征。研究结果表明：1951-2012年汉江流域多年平均降雨量为886 mm，日降雨量≥12 mm的侵蚀性降雨量为614.1 mm，日降雨量≥50 mm的暴雨量为167.6 mm。研究期间内，3个降雨指标均在波动中下降，但下降趋势不显著，没有表现出显著的干湿趋势；年侵蚀性降雨量和年降雨量变化具有显著的一致性，但侵蚀性降雨的变化幅度大于降雨量的变化幅度；年暴雨量的变化特征与年降雨量的变化特征亦相似，但年暴雨量的波动幅度较年侵蚀性降雨量、年降雨量更大。1951-2012年汉江流域年均降雨量、侵蚀性降雨量及年暴雨量在空间上均从东南向西北递减，降雨的异常程度很高。研究结果可增进对汉江流域降雨变化规律的认识，为汉江上游植被生态恢复及中下游的防洪减灾提供参考意见。
漢江流域是水土流失與洪澇災害嚴重的地區。侵蝕性降雨是劇烈土壤水蝕的原動力，是洪澇災害的直接緻災因子，因此對漢江流域侵蝕性降雨特徵的研究具有重要的實踐意義。利用漢江流域及其附近地區47箇站點逐日降雨觀測資料，採用常規統計學方法計算研究區逐年年降雨量、侵蝕性降雨量以及暴雨量平均值，進而得到降雨特徵值逐年距平百分率及變異繫數(Cv)，分析瞭這3箇將于特徵值之間的相互關繫，揭示瞭漢江流域降雨的時間變化特徵。藉助于地理信息繫統技術，將漢江流域逐年降雨特徵值在ARCGIS裏採用Kriging方法進行空間插值，得到年均降雨特徵值的空間分佈，分析瞭研究區3箇降雨特徵值的空間分佈特徵。研究結果錶明：1951-2012年漢江流域多年平均降雨量為886 mm，日降雨量≥12 mm的侵蝕性降雨量為614.1 mm，日降雨量≥50 mm的暴雨量為167.6 mm。研究期間內，3箇降雨指標均在波動中下降，但下降趨勢不顯著，沒有錶現齣顯著的榦濕趨勢；年侵蝕性降雨量和年降雨量變化具有顯著的一緻性，但侵蝕性降雨的變化幅度大于降雨量的變化幅度；年暴雨量的變化特徵與年降雨量的變化特徵亦相似，但年暴雨量的波動幅度較年侵蝕性降雨量、年降雨量更大。1951-2012年漢江流域年均降雨量、侵蝕性降雨量及年暴雨量在空間上均從東南嚮西北遞減，降雨的異常程度很高。研究結果可增進對漢江流域降雨變化規律的認識，為漢江上遊植被生態恢複及中下遊的防洪減災提供參攷意見。
한강류역시수토류실여홍로재해엄중적지구。침식성강우시극렬토양수식적원동력，시홍로재해적직접치재인자，인차대한강류역침식성강우특정적연구구유중요적실천의의。이용한강류역급기부근지구47개참점축일강우관측자료，채용상규통계학방법계산연구구축년년강우량、침식성강우량이급폭우량평균치，진이득도강우특정치축년거평백분솔급변이계수(Cv)，분석료저3개장우특정치지간적상호관계，게시료한강류역강우적시간변화특정。차조우지리신식계통기술，장한강류역축년강우특정치재ARCGIS리채용Kriging방법진행공간삽치，득도년균강우특정치적공간분포，분석료연구구3개강우특정치적공간분포특정。연구결과표명：1951-2012년한강류역다년평균강우량위886 mm，일강우량≥12 mm적침식성강우량위614.1 mm，일강우량≥50 mm적폭우량위167.6 mm。연구기간내，3개강우지표균재파동중하강，단하강추세불현저，몰유표현출현저적간습추세；년침식성강우량화년강우량변화구유현저적일치성，단침식성강우적변화폭도대우강우량적변화폭도；년폭우량적변화특정여년강우량적변화특정역상사，단년폭우량적파동폭도교년침식성강우량、년강우량경대。1951-2012년한강류역년균강우량、침식성강우량급년폭우량재공간상균종동남향서북체감，강우적이상정도흔고。연구결과가증진대한강류역강우변화규률적인식，위한강상유식피생태회복급중하유적방홍감재제공삼고의견。
Flood disaster and soil erosion are the most important environmental concerns in the Han River basin. Both problems are closely related to rainfall, especially erosive rainfall (≥12 mm/d). Erosive rainfall is the driving force of severe soil erosion and is the direct cause of flood disaster. Thus the study of erosive rainfall patterns in the Han River basin has important practical significance. Daily rainfall data during the period of 1951-2012 were used to investigate the spatio-temporal variations in annual rainfall, annual erosive rainfall and annual rainstorm in the Han River basin. The data were from 47 meteorological stations in or near the study area. Conventional statistical methods were used to analysis relationships between the three rainfall indices (annual rainfall, annual erosive rainfall and annual rainstorm). The mean annual value, anomaly percentage of every year, and variation coefficient of the three rainfall indices were calculated. Then the temporal variation of rainfall was revealed. Spatial distribution of the three rainfall indices about the 47 meteorological stations were derived by the Kriging weighting interpolation method in a GIS platform with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) technology. The results showed that the mean annual precipitation is 886 mm, mean annual erosive rainfall (≥12 mm) is 614.1 mm, and mean annual storm rainfall (≥50 mm) is 167.6 mm in the Han River basin during the study period. The annual rainfall, erosive rainfall and rainstorm decreased over the past six decades, but the tendency is not significant. There is no significant wet-dry trend displayed. The fluctuation range of the annual rainstorm amount is more than that of the annual rainfall amount. All the three rainfall indices decreased gradually from southeast direction to northwest direction. The results can improve the understanding of the rainfall variation law in the Han River basin. It can provide a reference for the vegetation ecological construction in the upper reaches of the Han River basin and flood control and disaster mitigation in the middle and lower reaches of the Han River basin.
