CAJ | 학술논문

2008年初，一场百年罕见的冰雪灾害袭击了我国南方地区，对南方19个省（区）的林区，相当中国森林面积的13%（1.86×107 hm2）的森林植被遭受整体性、毁灭性破坏，导致的大量“非正常”凋落物必将对森林土壤碳循环产生深远影响。本研究以广东乐昌杨东山十二度水省级自然保护区不同海拔梯度上受灾的常绿阔叶混交林3种森林群落为研究对象，采用去除冰雪灾害导致的“非正常”凋落物与受损林地进行对照试验，对冰雪灾害所导致“非正常”凋落物对土壤碳的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明：灾后3种森林群落中不同深度土壤的有机碳质量分数和储量持续增加，同一深度土壤有机碳质量分数和碳储量在不同年份之间差异显著。直至2011年“非正常”凋落物分解完毕时，10~50 cm的土壤有机碳质量分数与上一年相比有减少趋势；0~10 cm的土壤有机碳质量分数稍比2010年高，但变化差异不显著(p=0.36)，说明在“非正常”凋落物分解结束后土壤有机碳质量分数有减小的趋势，致使土壤碳储量下降。去除“非正常”凋落物样地与对照样地相比，各土壤深度的土壤有机碳质量分数明显下降，年平均下降百分比例变化范围为12.14%~55.34%，0~10 cm和10~30 cm土壤的有机碳质量分数下降变化波动幅度要比30~50 cm大；不同深度土壤有机碳质量分数与凋落物有机碳失质量间具有显著的线性相关性。可见，冰雪灾害导致的“非正常”凋落物对土壤有机碳质量分数和储量都有十分显著的影响，“非正常”凋落物的分解输入能显著提高土壤有机碳质量分数和储量。
2008년초，일장백년한견적빙설재해습격료아국남방지구，대남방19개성（구）적림구，상당중국삼림면적적13%（1.86×107 hm2）적삼림식피조수정체성、훼멸성파배，도치적대량“비정상”조락물필장대삼림토양탄순배산생심원영향。본연구이엄동악창양동산십이도수성급자연보호구불동해발제도상수재적상록활협혼교림3충삼림군락위연구대상，채용거제빙설재해도치적“비정상”조락물여수손임지진행대조시험，대빙설재해소도치“비정상”조락물대토양탄적영향진행료연구。연구결과표명：재후3충삼림군락중불동심도토양적유궤탄질량분수화저량지속증가，동일심도토양유궤탄질량분수화탄저량재불동년빈지간차이현저。직지2011년“비정상”조락물분해완필시，10~50 cm적토양유궤탄질량분수여상일년상비유감소추세；0~10 cm적토양유궤탄질량분수초비2010년고，단변화차이불현저(p=0.36)，설명재“비정상”조락물분해결속후토양유궤탄질량분수유감소적추세，치사토양탄저량하강。거제“비정상”조락물양지여대조양지상비，각토양심도적토양유궤탄질량분수명현하강，년평균하강백분비례변화범위위12.14%~55.34%，0~10 cm화10~30 cm토양적유궤탄질량분수하강변화파동폭도요비30~50 cm대；불동심도토양유궤탄질량분수여조락물유궤탄실질량간구유현저적선성상관성。가견，빙설재해도치적“비정상”조락물대토양유궤탄질량분수화저량도유십분현저적영향，“비정상”조락물적분해수입능현저제고토양유궤탄질량분수화저량。
A greatest extreme ice-snow disaster swept across the most areas of southern China in early 2008. The snow, ice and sleet caused severe forest losses and destroyed 1.86×107 hm2 of forests, or nearly 13%of the China's forests, in 19 provinces of China. The damaged area was scattered by broken branches, tree trunks and leaves. The abnormal litter was equivalent to the sum of several years normal litter sum. And it wills strong and generally short-term changes in turnover of SOC and soil carbon stock induced by organic substrates added to the soil. Abnormal litter exclusion experiment has been established in an evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest with three forest community types selected along different elevation, in Yangdongshan Shierdushui Natural Reserve, Guangdong province. The concentration of soil organic carbon and carbon stock were measured every quarter, Several key results were given as follows: The different depths of soil organic carbon concentration and soil carbon stock were continued to increase in destroyed forest communities until abnormal litter completive decomposition in 2011, the soil depth 10-50 cm of soil organic carbon concentration has decline trend. The soil depth 0~10cm of soil organic carbon concentration is higher in 2011 than 2010, but no significant difference (p=0.36). This indicates that soil organic carbon concentration and soil carbon stock would decline after abnormal litter completely decomposed. Compared with the control plots,soil organic carbon content decreased significantly in abnormal litter exclusion plot, decline ranged from 12.14%to 55.34%. And the soil organic carbon concentration in depth 0~30 cm declined changed more than the depth 30-50 cm. Soil organic carbon concentration has a significant linear correlation with litter carbon mass loss. Obviously, the forest soil organic carbon concentration and soil carbon stock were significantly impacted by abnormal litter which destroyed by ice storm. And the abnormal litter can increase the soil organic carbon concentration and soil carbon stock during decomposition and input.