CAJ | 학술논문

鸦片战争后，随着近代中国社会的变迁出现了三次赴美留学热潮。洋务运动时期，清政府选派百名幼童赴美留学，虽中途夭折，但为我国造就了一批新型知识分子；20世纪初，美国退还庚款用于资送中国学生赴美和清华学堂的设立，引发了中国第二次留美热潮；国民政府时期，留美形势随着国内外局势的变化呈现波浪式起伏的特征，抗战后的赴美洪流成为近代留美运动的最高峰。留美学生对近代中国教育、科技发展、社会的转型以及中美文化交流产生了深远的影响。
아편전쟁후，수착근대중국사회적변천출현료삼차부미류학열조。양무운동시기，청정부선파백명유동부미류학，수중도요절，단위아국조취료일비신형지식분자；20세기초，미국퇴환경관용우자송중국학생부미화청화학당적설립，인발료중국제이차류미열조；국민정부시기，류미형세수착국내외국세적변화정현파랑식기복적특정，항전후적부미홍류성위근대류미운동적최고봉。류미학생대근대중국교육、과기발전、사회적전형이급중미문화교유산생료심원적영향。
Modern China has witnessed three upsurges of students studying in USA along with social changes since the Opium War.During the Westernization Movement,the Qing Regime selected and dis-patched one hundred children to study in USA,which had trained a batch of new-type intellectuals despite the failure of the program halfway.And at the beginning of the 20th century,the return of indemnity by USA for subsidizing Chinese students'studies in USA and the establishment of Tsinghua School resulted in the second upsurge of Chinese students studying abroad in modern China.In the period of the Republic of China,studying in USA underwent ups and downs in line with situation variations at home and abroad;while the upsurge of Chinese students studying in USA after the War of Resistance against Japan became the summit of studying in USA in modern China.Students studying in USA have exerted a far-reaching influence on modern China's education,scientific development,social transition as well as on Sino-US cul-tural exchanges.