CAJ | 학술논문

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法分别测定了4种杀菌剂对花生冠腐病（Peanut crown rot）致病菌黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.）的毒力。结果表明：4种药剂中咪鲜胺、戊唑醇对菌丝生长表现明显的抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.01、0.03mg/L,其次为醚菌酯、多.福（1∶1）,EC50依次为0.13、0.24mg/L;另外,咪鲜胺、戊唑醇、醚菌酯、多.福对花生冠腐病孢子萌发均有明显的抑制作用,其EC50依次为0.01、0.02、0.09和0.11mg/L。温室盆栽试验中,播种期、团棵期接菌后对照发病率分别为97.50%、92.50%,且四种药剂处理后的病情指数明显低于对照,防效接近或在90%以上。田间防治试验结果表明,戊唑醇在播种期、团棵期处理防效均最高,分别为80.63%和77.48%,同时,从对花生产量影响来看,团棵期比播种期施药后增产率高,其中团棵期施用戊唑醇增产率最高为7.01%。因此,建议选用戊唑醇于花生团棵期灌墩施用防治冠腐病,以减轻其危害,提高花生产量。
채용균사생장속솔법화포자맹발법분별측정료4충살균제대화생관부병（Peanut crown rot）치병균흑곡매（Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh.）적독력。결과표명：4충약제중미선알、무서순대균사생장표현명현적억제작용,기EC50분별위0.01、0.03mg/L,기차위미균지、다.복（1∶1）,EC50의차위0.13、0.24mg/L;령외,미선알、무서순、미균지、다.복대화생관부병포자맹발균유명현적억제작용,기EC50의차위0.01、0.02、0.09화0.11mg/L。온실분재시험중,파충기、단과기접균후대조발병솔분별위97.50%、92.50%,차사충약제처리후적병정지수명현저우대조,방효접근혹재90%이상。전간방치시험결과표명,무서순재파충기、단과기처리방효균최고,분별위80.63%화77.48%,동시,종대화생산량영향래간,단과기비파충기시약후증산솔고,기중단과기시용무서순증산솔최고위7.01%。인차,건의선용무서순우화생단과기관돈시용방치관부병,이감경기위해,제고화생산량。
Toxicity of 4 fungicides to Aspergillus niger v. Tiegh that causing peanut crown rot was tested with the mycelium growth rate and spore germination methods. Both prochloraz and tebu- conazole showed strong toxicity against A. niger, and EC50 for mycelial growth was 0.01mg/L and 0. 03mg/L respectively. The EC50 of kresoxim-methyl and carbendazim＋thiram （1 ： 1） was 0.13mg/L and 0.24mg/L respectively. The effects on spore germination test showed that prochloraz, tebucon- azole, kresoxim-methyl and carbendazim＋ thiram had obvious inhibitory effects, and their EC50 was 0. 01mg/L, 0. 02mg/L, 0. 09mg/L and 0. 11mg/L respectively. The pot experiment4n greenhouse showed that the disease incidence was 97.50% and 92.50% respectively after inoculation in sowing time and rosette stage. The disease index was decreased significantly after treated with 4 fungicides, and the control effects were close or above 90%. The field experiment indicated that tebuconazole had the highest effect both in sowing time and rosette stage. The production rate was higher treated with 4 fungicides in rosette stage than in sowing time, and the yield of peanut was increased by 7.01% when using tebuconazole. In the rosette stage, tebuconazole can be chosen as the ideal pesticide against crown rot in peanut field.