目的 掌握天津市居民食用碘盐情况和碘营养水平,为科学补碘提供依据.方法 抽样方法:①盐碘:2002-2011年,按照全国碘缺乏病监测方案,在天津市18个区(县)采集居民户家食用盐盐样,进行盐碘含量测定.②儿童碘营养:2002、2005、2009、2011年分4次进行儿童碘营养状况调查.其中,2002年和2005年在天津市每个区(县)抽取2所小学,每所小学按照年龄、性别均等原则抽取8～ 10岁儿童40名,进行甲状腺检查,同时抽取20名儿童,采集随机1次尿样,进行尿碘含量测定.2009年,在每个区(县)按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个乡(镇、街道),不足5个乡时全部抽取,每个乡(镇、街道)抽取1所村小学,每所小学抽检8～ 10岁儿童20名,进行尿碘含量测定.2011年采取按人口比例概率抽样方法,在全市抽取30所小学,每所小学抽查40名8～ 10岁儿童,进行甲状腺检查.同时抽取12名儿童,进行尿碘含量检测.③育龄妇女碘营养:2007、2008和2010年,在汉沽区分别选取150、50、60名育龄妇女,采集尿样,进行尿碘测定.④孕妇和哺乳期妇女碘营养:2011年在天津市抽取的小学附近选择3个乡,每个乡抽取孕妇和哺乳期妇女各5人,采集尿样,进行尿碘检测.检验方法:①盐碘采用《制盐工业通用试验方法碘离子的测定》(GB/T 13025.7-1999)直接滴定法,川盐及其他强化食用盐采用仲裁法进行测定；②甲状腺检查采用B超法,按地方性甲状腺肿的诊断标准(WS 276-2007)进行判定；③尿碘测定采用砷铈催化分光光度方法(WS/T 107-2006)测定.结果 2002-2011年合格碘盐食用率、碘盐合格率、碘盐覆盖率和非碘盐检出率分别为92.7％(43 489/46 926)、97.4％(43 489/44 694)、95.1％(44 694/46 926)和4.8％(2273/46 926),盐碘中位数在29.2～36.7 mg/kg.4次监测儿童尿碘中位数分别为228.0、221.5、191.8和194.7μg/L,3次监测儿童甲状腺肿大率分别为2.1％(27/1258)、1.6％(19/1186)和2.1％(26/1219).孕妇和哺乳妇女的尿碘中位数分别为145.2和136.0 μg/L.3次监测的育龄妇女尿碘中位数分别为130.7、196.1和229.5 μg/L,且随着碘盐覆盖率的增加而有所提高.结论 天津市居民的碘营养处于适宜水平,育龄妇女和哺乳期妇女尿碘处于适宜水平,而孕妇则低于适宜水平.天津市盐碘水平定为30 mg/kg,或者普通居民盐碘定为25 mg/kg、孕妇盐碘定为30 mg/kg较为适宜.
目的 掌握天津市居民食用碘鹽情況和碘營養水平,為科學補碘提供依據.方法 抽樣方法:①鹽碘:2002-2011年,按照全國碘缺乏病鑑測方案,在天津市18箇區(縣)採集居民戶傢食用鹽鹽樣,進行鹽碘含量測定.②兒童碘營養:2002、2005、2009、2011年分4次進行兒童碘營養狀況調查.其中,2002年和2005年在天津市每箇區(縣)抽取2所小學,每所小學按照年齡、性彆均等原則抽取8～ 10歲兒童40名,進行甲狀腺檢查,同時抽取20名兒童,採集隨機1次尿樣,進行尿碘含量測定.2009年,在每箇區(縣)按東、西、南、北、中5箇方位各抽取1箇鄉(鎮、街道),不足5箇鄉時全部抽取,每箇鄉(鎮、街道)抽取1所村小學,每所小學抽檢8～ 10歲兒童20名,進行尿碘含量測定.2011年採取按人口比例概率抽樣方法,在全市抽取30所小學,每所小學抽查40名8～ 10歲兒童,進行甲狀腺檢查.同時抽取12名兒童,進行尿碘含量檢測.③育齡婦女碘營養:2007、2008和2010年,在漢沽區分彆選取150、50、60名育齡婦女,採集尿樣,進行尿碘測定.④孕婦和哺乳期婦女碘營養:2011年在天津市抽取的小學附近選擇3箇鄉,每箇鄉抽取孕婦和哺乳期婦女各5人,採集尿樣,進行尿碘檢測.檢驗方法:①鹽碘採用《製鹽工業通用試驗方法碘離子的測定》(GB/T 13025.7-1999)直接滴定法,川鹽及其他彊化食用鹽採用仲裁法進行測定；②甲狀腺檢查採用B超法,按地方性甲狀腺腫的診斷標準(WS 276-2007)進行判定；③尿碘測定採用砷鈰催化分光光度方法(WS/T 107-2006)測定.結果 2002-2011年閤格碘鹽食用率、碘鹽閤格率、碘鹽覆蓋率和非碘鹽檢齣率分彆為92.7％(43 489/46 926)、97.4％(43 489/44 694)、95.1％(44 694/46 926)和4.8％(2273/46 926),鹽碘中位數在29.2～36.7 mg/kg.4次鑑測兒童尿碘中位數分彆為228.0、221.5、191.8和194.7μg/L,3次鑑測兒童甲狀腺腫大率分彆為2.1％(27/1258)、1.6％(19/1186)和2.1％(26/1219).孕婦和哺乳婦女的尿碘中位數分彆為145.2和136.0 μg/L.3次鑑測的育齡婦女尿碘中位數分彆為130.7、196.1和229.5 μg/L,且隨著碘鹽覆蓋率的增加而有所提高.結論 天津市居民的碘營養處于適宜水平,育齡婦女和哺乳期婦女尿碘處于適宜水平,而孕婦則低于適宜水平.天津市鹽碘水平定為30 mg/kg,或者普通居民鹽碘定為25 mg/kg、孕婦鹽碘定為30 mg/kg較為適宜.
목적 장악천진시거민식용전염정황화전영양수평,위과학보전제공의거.방법 추양방법:①염전:2002-2011년,안조전국전결핍병감측방안,재천진시18개구(현)채집거민호가식용염염양,진행염전함량측정.②인동전영양:2002、2005、2009、2011년분4차진행인동전영양상황조사.기중,2002년화2005년재천진시매개구(현)추취2소소학,매소소학안조년령、성별균등원칙추취8～ 10세인동40명,진행갑상선검사,동시추취20명인동,채집수궤1차뇨양,진행뇨전함량측정.2009년,재매개구(현)안동、서、남、북、중5개방위각추취1개향(진、가도),불족5개향시전부추취,매개향(진、가도)추취1소촌소학,매소소학추검8～ 10세인동20명,진행뇨전함량측정.2011년채취안인구비례개솔추양방법,재전시추취30소소학,매소소학추사40명8～ 10세인동,진행갑상선검사.동시추취12명인동,진행뇨전함량검측.③육령부녀전영양:2007、2008화2010년,재한고구분별선취150、50、60명육령부녀,채집뇨양,진행뇨전측정.④잉부화포유기부녀전영양:2011년재천진시추취적소학부근선택3개향,매개향추취잉부화포유기부녀각5인,채집뇨양,진행뇨전검측.검험방법:①염전채용《제염공업통용시험방법전리자적측정》(GB/T 13025.7-1999)직접적정법,천염급기타강화식용염채용중재법진행측정；②갑상선검사채용B초법,안지방성갑상선종적진단표준(WS 276-2007)진행판정；③뇨전측정채용신시최화분광광도방법(WS/T 107-2006)측정.결과 2002-2011년합격전염식용솔、전염합격솔、전염복개솔화비전염검출솔분별위92.7％(43 489/46 926)、97.4％(43 489/44 694)、95.1％(44 694/46 926)화4.8％(2273/46 926),염전중위수재29.2～36.7 mg/kg.4차감측인동뇨전중위수분별위228.0、221.5、191.8화194.7μg/L,3차감측인동갑상선종대솔분별위2.1％(27/1258)、1.6％(19/1186)화2.1％(26/1219).잉부화포유부녀적뇨전중위수분별위145.2화136.0 μg/L.3차감측적육령부녀뇨전중위수분별위130.7、196.1화229.5 μg/L,차수착전염복개솔적증가이유소제고.결론 천진시거민적전영양처우괄의수평,육령부녀화포유기부녀뇨전처우괄의수평,이잉부칙저우괄의수평.천진시염전수평정위30 mg/kg,혹자보통거민염전정위25 mg/kg、잉부염전정위30 mg/kg교위괄의.
Objective To investigate the consumption status of iodized salt and iodine nutrition status of Tianjin residents,and to provide a scientific basis for iodine supplementation.Methods Sampling methods:① Salt iodine:According to "The National Project of Surveillance on IDD",the iodine in salt samples from 18 Tianjin districts (counties) was tested between 2002 to 2011.②Iodine nutritional status of children:Investigation of iodine nutritional status of children was conducted four times in 2002,2005,2009 and 2011.In 2002 and 2005,two primary schools were selected in each district.By age,gender parity principle,40 subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were randomly selected to perform thyroid examination and 20 of them were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2009,according to their sub-area positions in the north,the south,the east,the west and the center of each district,5 primary schools were selected in each town (if there were less than five towns in the district,all towns had been selected).Twenty subjects aged from 8 to 10 in each school were selected to collect urine samples for determination of urinary iodine.In 2011,probability sampling method (PPS) was used to select 30 primary schools,and then 40 children aged from 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school to examine thyroids.At the same time,urine samples from 12 children of the 40 selected children were tested.③Iodine nutritional status of women of childbearing age:In 2007,2008 and 2010,150,50 and 60 women of childbearing age were selected in Hangu District,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.④Iodine nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women:In 2011,3 towns around each primary school were selected.Five pregnant and five lactating women were selected in each town,urine samples of them were collected for determination of urinary iodine.Test methods:①Salt iodine was tested by direct titration,while Sichuan salt and other reinforced edible salt by arbitration determination based on the "General Test Method in Salt Industry-Determination of Iodide Ion" (GB/T 13025.7-1999).②Thyroid was tested by B-type-ultrasound and judged according to "Diagnostic Criterion of Endemic Goiter" (WS 276-2007).③Urinary iodine was tested by the "Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry" (WS/T 107-2006).Results From 2002 to 2011,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt,the rate of qualified iodized salt,the coverage rate of iodized salt,the rate of non-iodinated salt was 92.7％(43 489/46 926),97.4％(43 489/44 694),95.1％ (44 694/46 926) and 4.8％(2273/46 926),respectively.The median salt iodine was in the range of 29.2-36.7 mg/kg.Children's urinary iodine was monitored 4 times,the median urinary iodine was 228.0,221.5,191.8; and 194.7 μg/L,respectively.Children goiter rates were 2.1％(27/1258),1.6％(19/1186) and 2.1％(26/1219) of the 3 times monitored.The median urinary iodine in pregnant and lactating women was 145.2 and 136.0 μg/L.The median urinary iodine in women of childbearing age was 130.7,196.1 and 229.5 μg/L,which increased with the increase of coverage of iodized salt.Conclusions The iodine nutrition of Tianjin residents,women of childbearing age and lactating women are at appropriate level.The iodine nutrition of pregnant women is lower than appropriate level.Recommended salt iodine level in our city is 30 mg/kg,or 25 mg/kg for ordinary residents,and 30 mg/kg for pregnant women.
