CAJ | 학술논문

广州西汉南越王墓和徐州狮子山汉墓是我国汉代最重要和出土玉器数量最多的两个王侯级墓地,两墓出土的丝缕和金缕玉衣是当时南方和中原汉王朝最重要的墓葬玉器之一。通过上手观察、显微镜拍照并利用环境扫描电镜和漫反射红外光谱、拉曼光谱技术对广州南越王墓及徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣部分玉片的质材和加工工艺进行了观察测试和对比分析。结果显示,两地玉衣的玉料均主要为透闪石质,从现存玉衣颜色及玉质结构上看,徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣玉料来源单一且玉质明显好于南越王墓,南越王墓玉料具有多来源的特征,玉衣中的＂假玉＂可能来自粤西。从南越王墓玉衣片部分切割痕迹判断,南越王墓所使用的切割工具可能接近当时的最高水平,也可能存在中原交换来源的玉材,无法排除南越王墓玉衣全部或部分在当地制作的可能;南越王墓和徐州狮子山汉墓出土玉衣加工工艺特征明显不同,显示两地玉衣系由不同＂玉作＂体系加工完成,汉代可能存在多个不同的玉作体系,工艺水平参差不齐。
엄주서한남월왕묘화서주사자산한묘시아국한대최중요화출토옥기수량최다적량개왕후급묘지,량묘출토적사루화금루옥의시당시남방화중원한왕조최중요적묘장옥기지일。통과상수관찰、현미경박조병이용배경소묘전경화만반사홍외광보、랍만광보기술대엄주남월왕묘급서주사자산한묘출토옥의부분옥편적질재화가공공예진행료관찰측시화대비분석。결과현시,량지옥의적옥료균주요위투섬석질,종현존옥의안색급옥질결구상간,서주사자산한묘출토옥의옥료래원단일차옥질명현호우남월왕묘,남월왕묘옥료구유다래원적특정,옥의중적＂가옥＂가능래자월서。종남월왕묘옥의편부분절할흔적판단,남월왕묘소사용적절할공구가능접근당시적최고수평,야가능존재중원교환래원적옥재,무법배제남월왕묘옥의전부혹부분재당지제작적가능;남월왕묘화서주사자산한묘출토옥의가공공예특정명현불동,현시량지옥의계유불동＂옥작＂체계가공완성,한대가능존재다개불동적옥작체계,공예수평삼차불제。
The Nanyue king＇s mausoleum in Guangzhou and the Chu king＇s mausoleum at Lion Mountain of Xuzhou are the two of the most important sites, having the largest numbers of unearthed jadewares from Han dynasty burial grounds in China. The silk and gold threaded jade suits from these two mausoleums are the most important jadewares buried with the dead in the southern and central parts of China. The authors compared the mineral materials and technological characteristics of the jade suits from the two mausoleums by direct observation, microscope, envi- ronmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM） , and infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the raw materials of most of the jade suits in both mausoleums are nephrite jade. But based on current jade colour and texture, the jade materials from the Chu king mausoleum are of much better quality than those in the Nanyue king mausoleum ; the latter appeared to have multiple origins. The so - called ＂pseudo - jade＂ from the Nanyue king mausoleum were likely from western Guangdong. The cutting traces and marks on the jadeware from the Nanyue king mausoleum suggest that the jade - carving tools of the Nanyue kingdom were nearly the best available at that time, or there was some material exchange between Nanyue area and Central plain. Furthermore, the possibility can＇t be excluded that all or parts of the jade suits from the Nanyue king mausoleum were locally carved. The authors propose that different cutting - craft systems co - existed in the Han Dynasty and that the obvious difference between the jade suits, in terms of technological features, from the two mausoleums indicates that these jade suits were possibly made by different cuttingcraft systems.