CAJ | 학술논문

内蒙古三河牛是我国自主培育的乳肉兼用型品种,它是呼伦贝尔各族人民一百多年来辛勤劳动的结晶。从1986年育成以来,三河牛以核心家系选育的方式延续严格的保种制度,在呼伦贝尔草原严酷环境中保持良好的生产性能和繁殖力。虽然在近20年不断受到荷斯坦牛等高产品种的挑战,但对当地气候的高度适应性和良好的兼用性让三河牛始终立于不败之地。＂十一五＂以来,三河牛选育进一步得到国家重视,在原有品种登记和性能测定系统的基础上,修定并发布了新的三河牛品种国家标准,建立了三河牛育种信息数据库,引入奶牛DHI测定体系,强调兼用性的育种目标,吸收国外兼用型品种高水平遗传种质,采用开放式核心群育种体系,不断取得各方面进展。现简述三河牛培育历程,并总结目前的各项进展,与业界同仁分享。
내몽고삼하우시아국자주배육적유육겸용형품충,타시호륜패이각족인민일백다년래신근노동적결정。종1986년육성이래,삼하우이핵심가계선육적방식연속엄격적보충제도,재호륜패이초원엄혹배경중보지량호적생산성능화번식력。수연재근20년불단수도하사탄우등고산품충적도전,단대당지기후적고도괄응성화량호적겸용성양삼하우시종립우불패지지。＂십일오＂이래,삼하우선육진일보득도국가중시,재원유품충등기화성능측정계통적기출상,수정병발포료신적삼하우품충국가표준,건립료삼하우육충신식수거고,인입내우DHI측정체계,강조겸용성적육충목표,흡수국외겸용형품충고수평유전충질,채용개방식핵심군육충체계,불단취득각방면진전。현간술삼하우배육역정,병총결목전적각항진전,여업계동인분향。
Sanhe Cattle in Inner Mongolia is a local dual purpose breed formed and approved in China with more than 100 years developing history in Hulunbuir pasture. Sanhe cattle is famous for its durabili ty, disease resistance, high quality in both milk and meat production, and suitability for grazing. Since it was approved as a breed in 1986, this breed was preserved adopting selection within family lines in the nu cleolus herd, both its performance and reproduction efficiency was preserved under the harsh condition in Hulunbuir pasture. Although Sanhe cattle was challenged by high yield breeds during the past 20 years, such as Holstein, it remained as a major breed because it was highly adapted for the local environment and had excellent performance in meat and milk production. Since the beginning of the llth five-year plan, state government paid more attention to the genetic improvement of Sanhe from the basis of existing sys- tem for breed registration and performance testing. National standard for Sanhe cattle breed was revised and re-published, breeding information database for Sanhe cattle was established and DHI testing system used for dairy cattle was introduced, the dual purpose breeding goal was re-emphasized through introdu- cing elite stock of international recognized similar type of breed, progresses were achieved through this open nucleus breeding system philosophy. This paper first reviewed the breeding history and then summa- rized the recent progresses in the breeding system to share our experience.