CAJ | 학술논문

柳诒徵的史学思想是以传统的史学精华为主兼以吸收西方史学观点的产物。柳诒徵认为,历史学既是关于知识的学问,又是政治学,是民族文化的载体,其功用是彰功显绩、生成知识和彰往察来。柳先生把传统的变易观与西方的进化论糅合在一起,认为历史是迭次发展的,＂有退化者,有进化者＂,其因则有赖于人们自身的创造、社会制度的组织鼓励和文化传统的积淀。历史发展的规律性、历史的主体——人本身的本质性和历史文献使得历史是可以认识的;形式上的纵贯和横通,目的上的规律性和特殊性,构成了历史认识的基本类型;＂观事实之始末＂与＂察风气之变迁＂乃是历史认识的两个阶段,而客观的事实与政治的＂礼＂则是历史认识检验的标准。柳先生论著中所体现的史学方法主要是＂明吾民族独造之真迹＂的文化学方法,以及历史主义和经济分析法等。在史料方面,柳先生打破四部分类法,增加志、丛、图三部,成为七部分类法;主张全面地阅读材料、考证史料的来源,充分利用新的史料、遵守学术规范;史料的编纂应当参照政府的组织机构来安排史书的体系,＂治史学若理国事＂。柳先生重视史德,强调史家研究历史,必须去除成见,从历史事实中得出结论;要求史学家在历史研究中不断修养自己的品德。柳先生把礼看做是史学的核心灵魂,批评有损于民族文化发展的一切史学行为和对历史事实的错误理解。柳诒徵史学思想的个性特点是新人文主义,其旨趣是守护传统道德、注重精神完善。
류이징적사학사상시이전통적사학정화위주겸이흡수서방사학관점적산물。류이징인위,역사학기시관우지식적학문,우시정치학,시민족문화적재체,기공용시창공현적、생성지식화창왕찰래。류선생파전통적변역관여서방적진화론유합재일기,인위역사시질차발전적,＂유퇴화자,유진화자＂,기인칙유뢰우인문자신적창조、사회제도적조직고려화문화전통적적정。역사발전적규률성、역사적주체——인본신적본질성화역사문헌사득역사시가이인식적;형식상적종관화횡통,목적상적규률성화특수성,구성료역사인식적기본류형;＂관사실지시말＂여＂찰풍기지변천＂내시역사인식적량개계단,이객관적사실여정치적＂례＂칙시역사인식검험적표준。류선생론저중소체현적사학방법주요시＂명오민족독조지진적＂적문화학방법,이급역사주의화경제분석법등。재사료방면,류선생타파사부분류법,증가지、총、도삼부,성위칠부분류법;주장전면지열독재료、고증사료적래원,충분이용신적사료、준수학술규범;사료적편찬응당삼조정부적조직궤구래안배사서적체계,＂치사학약리국사＂。류선생중시사덕,강조사가연구역사,필수거제성견,종역사사실중득출결론;요구사학가재역사연구중불단수양자기적품덕。류선생파례간주시사학적핵심령혼,비평유손우민족문화발전적일절사학행위화대역사사실적착오리해。류이징사학사상적개성특점시신인문주의,기지취시수호전통도덕、주중정신완선。
Liu Yizheng＇ s theory of history and his ideas on historiography are nourished by nutrients of both traditional Chinese historical studies and modern Western historiography. In his view, history is not only a branch of knowledge but also one that interweaves with political science, serving as a carrier of the national culture of one country, showcasing the achievements and missteps of the past and keeping later generations better informed. Liu, after combining the traditional views of change with the Western theory of evolutionism, maintains that the evolution of history follows an iterative path, either retrogressive or progressive. Liu relies on a view and theory of history centered on the traditional notion that ＂the core of history is ethics＂. Liu relies on history to illuminate and confirm Chinas ethical tradition and the socio - political order centered on the rule by virtue. Liu stresses that historians must take an impartial stance in examining historical facts and reach their conclusions on an objective footing. Liu is firmly opposed to any acts of historiography that arc potentially injurious to national cultural development and inheritance as well as to any misinterpretations of historical facts. The characteristics of Liu＇s theory of historiography lie in new humanism, whose objective is to safeguard traditional ethics and underscore spiritual pursuits.