CAJ | 학술논문

阿拉善地区生态环境严重退化的原因是综合性的,但最主要的是宏观调控政策失当和市场经济过分掠夺。而目前的生态移民政策并没有充分考虑这些原因,而是简单地以农业代替牧业,但该地区的极端干旱气候根本不能承受耗水量远远超出牧业的农业生产方式,而对地下水的过度开采则会导致地下水水位的迅速下降,从而引发无法弥补的绝对干旱和盐碱化、沙漠化。最有效而也是最难实施的举措就是宏观调控下的黑河流域水资源合理再分布,使有限的水资源得到平均而最优使用。蒙古族游牧文明的生态善恶观、生态伦理观和宗教信仰,以及传统的游牧生产生活方式能够保持当地脆弱的生态平衡,并且不断再生产再发展,也将是阿拉善地区恢复生态环境的重要力量。
아랍선지구생태배경엄중퇴화적원인시종합성적,단최주요적시굉관조공정책실당화시장경제과분략탈。이목전적생태이민정책병몰유충분고필저사원인,이시간단지이농업대체목업,단해지구적겁단간한기후근본불능승수모수량원원초출목업적농업생산방식,이대지하수적과도개채칙회도치지하수수위적신속하강,종이인발무법미보적절대간한화염감화、사막화。최유효이야시최난실시적거조취시굉관조공하적흑하류역수자원합리재분포,사유한적수자원득도평균이최우사용。몽고족유목문명적생태선악관、생태윤리관화종교신앙,이급전통적유목생산생활방식능구보지당지취약적생태평형,병차불단재생산재발전,야장시아랍선지구회복생태배경적중요역량。
The severe environmental degradation of Alashan, Inner Mongolia, is due to various reasons, among which macro-regulation dysfunction and immoderate exploitation by the market economy are the most important. The local government, not fully accounting for these reasons in the current migration policy, introduces farming to replace the traditional nomadic mode. Such substitution cannot solve the environmental problems ultimately but will bring worse ecological crises instead： the continental climate of extreme drought cannot sustain water resource necessary for irrigation farming far beyond the nomadic style; the excessive exploitation of groundwater can lead to rapid decline of groundwater level, causing irreparable absolute drought, salinization and desertification. It will be the most effective, though most difficult as well, to redistribute the water resources of the Heihe River Basin in a rational way under macro-regulation control so as to make best use of the limited water. As an important factor to restore the ecological environment of Alashan, the ecological views and ethics in Mongolian nomadic civilizations as well as their religious beliefs and traditional nomadic lifestyle are most suitable to rebalance and renew the natural environment for the geographical feature of the area.