CAJ | 학술논문

为深入理解关国科学证据可采性规则的内涵和要求，结合经典判例与成文法规定，对美国科学证据可采性规则的历史发展过程进行了梳理与分析。分析认为：可采性标准从Frye标准之机械的“普遍接受”原则，历经《联邦证据规则》第702条和Daubert规则，逐渐发展成为法官依据法律原则对可采性进行自由裁量；法官以科学的经验性为哲学基础进行自由裁量，是判别科学证据可靠性与科学性的发展趋势；借鉴美国的历史经验，中国的鉴定意见可采性制度可以从可采性判断的程序设置、深入实质进行审查判断、加强司法领域与各领域联系3个方面加以完善。
위심입리해관국과학증거가채성규칙적내함화요구，결합경전판례여성문법규정，대미국과학증거가채성규칙적역사발전과정진행료소리여분석。분석인위：가채성표준종Frye표준지궤계적“보편접수”원칙，력경《련방증거규칙》제702조화Daubert규칙，축점발전성위법관의거법률원칙대가채성진행자유재량；법관이과학적경험성위철학기출진행자유재량，시판별과학증거가고성여과학성적발전추세；차감미국적역사경험，중국적감정의견가채성제도가이종가채성판단적정서설치、심입실질진행심사판단、가강사법영역여각영역련계3개방면가이완선。
In order to understand the admissibility rules of scientific evidence, the authors, based on the classical precedents and statute law, analyze the development of this issue in the United States. According to the analysis, admissibility standard developed from ＂general acceptance＂ of Frye standard, which is a mechanical method, to depending on discretion of judge before which Federal Rules of Evidence 702 and Daubert rule have been founded. Judge is to distinguish the reliability of scientific evidence and scientific trends under the philosophical basis of scientific empirical discretion. With reference to the ex- perience of the United States, the improvement of the admissibility rules of judicial identification opinion in China should follow the three aspects ： to found procedures of the admissibility judgments, to review in real terms, and to strengthen the contacts in various fields.